diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 6c334f9..4edd356 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ 10. [Law and Standards](#standards) 11. [Learning Resources](#education) 12. [Linux Distributions](#linux) -13. [Cyber Security Resources](#cyber) -14. [Other Interesting Stuff](#misc) -15. [Andrew Hancock, Department of Computer Science & Technology - Systems](#andrewhancock) -16. [Hypervisors and virtual machines](#vmstuff) +13. [Hypervisors and virtual machines](#vmstuff) +14. [Cyber Security Resources](#cyber) +15. [Other Interesting Stuff](#misc) +16. [Andrew Hancock, Department of Computer Science & Technology - Systems](#andrewhancock) ## Introduction This list comprises resources contributed by staff and students at the [University of Hull](https://hull.ac.uk) across a variety of abilities, levels and degree disciplines. @@ -152,6 +152,47 @@ If you feel something is missing from the list, please feel free to fork the rep 5. [Mint](https://linuxmint.com/) - Another variant of Ubuntu, great for those familiar with Windows. 6. [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/index.en.html) - A portable distribution that runs only in memory, for the ultimate privacy protection. +## Hypervisors and virtual machines + +Ontop of the great VMware resources below there are other hypervisors for running containers and virtual machines. + +Hypervisors are classified as Type 1 or Type 2 hypervisors. Type 1 are often known as bare metal hypervisors. It's installed on bare metal, e.g. it is not installed as an application on top of an operating system. A Type 2 hypervisor is an application which is installed on the operating system. +Type 2 Hypervisors can be SLOW. In most reviews and experience, they perform at roughly 30-40% hardware capability. That means an Guest Operating Systems in a virtual machine hosted on a Type 2 hyperviosor will likely perform at best like it has an 800 MHz CPU if you have 2 GHz physical CPU. + +If you use a Type 1 Hypervisor, you get much better performance (based on experience and reviews) typically get 80-90% hardware capability - so that same virtual machines hosted on the same 2 GHz CPU should operate more like it has a 1.6 GHz CPU instead of 800 Mhz. + +Here are some type 1 and type 2 hypervisors. + +Type 1 (Bare Metal Hypervisors) + +1. [Proxmox](http://www.proxmox.com) - A Free version of the commercial Proxmox hypervisor +2. [Nutanix CE](https://www.nutanix.com/products/community-edition) - A free version of the Nutanix HCI platform +3. [Oracle VM Server](https://www.oracle.com/virtualization/vm-server-for-x86/) - Commercial Type 1 hypervisor +4. [XCP-ng](https://xcp-ng.org/) - Based on Xen Server - Available on GitHub. +5. [Citrix Hypervisor](https://www.citrix.com/en-gb/products/citrix-hypervisor/) - Originally based on Xen Server. Commercial version by Citrix. +6. [Microsoft Windows Server 2019](https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows-server) - Hyper-V can be enabled as a role in Windows Server. This is a Type 1 hypervisor. - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +7. [Microsoft Hyper-V Server](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-hyper-v-server-2019_) - Not to be confused with Windows Server. This is a Type 1 Hypervisor, and is just server core Hyper-V with no GUI. - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +8. [Microsoft Windows 10 Client Hyper-V](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/about/) - Hyper-V can be enabled in Windows 10 Pro and above. This is a Type 1 Hypervisor. - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +9. [VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi)](https://my.vmware.com/en/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi7) - Available for free, or full version - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +10. [KVM/QEmu](https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page) - KVM is built into the linux kernel, just like Hyper-V in Windows + +There are many frontends / management tools for KVM, including but not limited to + +1. [Gnome Boxes](https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Boxes) +2. [virt-manager](https://virt-manager.org/) + +furthermore, if you're system supports VT-d you can pass through your video card, or other pci device to use within your vm + +1. [GPU Passthrough](https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial) + +Type 2 + +1. [Oracle Virtualbox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) - A Free alternative to VMware Workstation for all platforms +2. [VMware Fusion for Apple Mac](https://www.vmware.com/uk/products/fusion.html) - Type 2 Hypervisor for Apple Mac - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +3. [VMware Workstation](https://www.vmware.com/uk/products/workstation-pro.html) - Type 2 Hypervisor for Linux and Windows - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +4. [VMware Player](https://www.vmware.com/uk/products/workstation-player.html) - Type 2 Hypervosor for Linux and Windows - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. +5. [Parallels Desktop 16 for Mac](https://www.parallels.com/uk/products/desktop/) - Type 2 Hypervisor for Mac. + ## Help and Support There are lots of lovely people ready to help you out in [Freeside's Discord server](http://discord.freeside.co.uk/), but these places may be helpful too. @@ -327,42 +368,3 @@ Andrew is the VMware Specialist in Computer Science & Technology, responsible fo 130. [HOW TO: Install and Connect a VMware vCenter Server 7.0 in linked mode.](https://www.experts-exchange.com/articles/35052/HOW-TO-Install-and-Connect-a-VMware-vCenter-Server-7-0-in-linked-mode.html) 131. [HOW TO: BOOT VMware vSphere Hypervisor 7.0 (ESXi 7.0 ARM) from an iSCSI LUN for the Raspberry Pi 4](http://vexpert.me/iSCSI-BOOT-from-ESXi-ARM) -## Hypervisors and virtual machines - -Ontop of the great VMware resources above there are other hypervisors for running containers and virtual machines. - -Hypervisors are classified as Type 1 or Type 2 hypervisors. Type 1 are often known as bare metal hypervisors. It's installed on bare metal, e.g. it is not installed as an application on top of an operating system. A Type 2 hypervisor is an application which is installed on the operating system. -Type 2 Hypervisors can be SLOW. In most reviews and experience, they perform at roughly 30-40% hardware capability. That means an Guest Operating Systems in a virtual machine hosted on a Type 2 hyperviosor will likely perform at best like it has an 800 MHz CPU if you have 2 GHz physical CPU. - -If you use a Type 1 Hypervisor, you get much better performance (based on experience and reviews) typically get 80-90% hardware capability - so that same virtual machines hosted on the same 2 GHz CPU should operate more like it has a 1.6 GHz CPU instead of 800 Mhz. - -Here are some type 1 and type 2 hypervisors. - -Type 1 (Bare Metal Hypervisors) - -1. [Proxmox](http://www.proxmox.com) - A Free version of the commercial Proxmox hypervisor -2. [Nutanix CE](https://www.nutanix.com/products/community-edition) - A free version of the Nutanix HCI platform -3. [Oracle VM Server](https://www.oracle.com/virtualization/vm-server-for-x86/) - Commercial Type 1 hypervisor -4. [XCP-ng](https://xcp-ng.org/) - Based on Xen Server - Available on GitHub. -5. [Citrix Hypervisor](https://www.citrix.com/en-gb/products/citrix-hypervisor/) - Originally based on Xen Server. Commercial version by Citrix. -6. [Microsoft Windows Server 2019](https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows-server) - Hyper-V can be enabled as a role in Windows Server. This is a Type 1 hypervisor. - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. -7. [Microsoft Hyper-V Server](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-hyper-v-server-2019_) - Not to be confused with Windows Server. This is a Type 1 Hypervisor, and is just server core Hyper-V with no GUI. - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. -8. [Microsoft Windows 10 Client Hyper-V](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/about/) - Hyper-V can be enabled in Windows 10 Pro and above. This is a Type 1 Hypervisor. - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. -9. [VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi)](https://my.vmware.com/en/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi7) - Available for free, or full version - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. - -Type 2 - -1. [Oracle Virtualbox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) - A Free alternative to VMware Workstation for all platforms -2. [VMware Fusion for Apple Mac](https://www.vmware.com/uk/products/fusion.html) - Type 2 Hypervisor for Apple Mac - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. -3. [VMware Workstation](https://www.vmware.com/uk/products/workstation-pro.html) - Type 2 Hypervisor for Linux and Windows - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. -4. [VMware Player](https://www.vmware.com/uk/products/workstation-player.html) - Type 2 Hypervosor for Linux and Windows - Available for free if a Student of The Department of Computer Science and Technology. -5. [Parallels Desktop 16 for Mac](https://www.parallels.com/uk/products/desktop/) - Type 2 Hypervisor for Mac. - -Muddy Ground - -KVM for linux fits in a strange land where the KVM kernel module turns Linux kernel into a type 1 bare-metal hypervisor, while the overall system could be categorized to type 2 because the host OS is still fully functional and the other VM's are standard Linux processes from its perspective. - -There are many frontends for KVM, including but not limited to - -1. [Gnome Boxes](https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Boxes) -2. [virt-manager](https://virt-manager.org/)