strip: add page (#7378)

pages/linux/strip.md

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+# strip
+
+> Discard symbols from executables or object files.
+> More information: <https://manned.org/strip>.
+
+- Replace the input file with its stripped version:
+
+`strip {{path/to/file}}`
+
+- Strip symbols from a file, saving the output to a specific file:
+
+`strip {{path/to/input_file}} -o {{path/to/output_file}}`
+
+- Strip debug symbols only:
+
+`strip --strip-debug {{path/to/file.o}}`