Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

Conflicts:
	pages/common/touch.md
waldyrious/alt-syntax
Ruben Vereecken 2016-01-07 16:52:22 +01:00
commit 9a991e4cb0
52 changed files with 642 additions and 48 deletions

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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Detailed explanation:
git checkout -b <topic-branch-name> git checkout -b <topic-branch-name>
``` ```
5. Run `make lint` to check that your page(s) are correct. 5. Run `make lint` to check that your page(s) are correct. Try to run the commands you are describing to ensure the syntax is correct.
6. Please use the following commit message format: 6. Please use the following commit message format:
`<command>: type of change`. `<command>: type of change`.
@ -103,14 +103,30 @@ Detailed explanation:
8. [Open a Pull Request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/) 8. [Open a Pull Request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/)
with a clear title and description. with a clear title and description.
If page is not about a standard Unix/Linux tool, please include a link to the tool home page.
If you are changing something non-trivial, not just adding a page for a new tool, please describe why you are doing this.
9. Use Git's 9. Use Git's
[interactive rebase](https://help.github.com/articles/interactive-rebase) [interactive rebase](https://help.github.com/articles/interactive-rebase)
feature to tidy up your commits before making them public. feature to tidy up your commits before making them public.
If you are not familiar with `git rebase`, it might be helpful to check out these video tutorials:
- [Git Rebase: squash last commits](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh9KtjfjzCU)
- [Learning Git Tutorial: Interactive Rebasing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NW46XmvJh5Q)
In most cases it is better to squash commits before submitting a pull request. In most cases it is better to squash commits before submitting a pull request.
10. If you are asked to amend your changes before they can be merged in, please 10. If you do not want to do a rebasing, you can overwrite your last commit in pull request, while you have only a single commit. You can achieve this with `git commit --amend` command.
use `git commit --amend` and force push to your remote feature branch.
You may also be asked to squash commits. ```bash
# When you are on topic branch of your pull request
# Fix your files
git add . # Register edited files
git commit --amend # Do amended commit
git push --force # Overwrite your branch
```
## Licensing ## Licensing

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@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
Romain Prieto <romain.prieto@gmail.com> (@rprieto)
Igor Shubovych <igor.shubovych@gmail.com> (@igorshubovych)
Ruben Vereecken <rubenvereecken@gmail.com> (@rubenvereecken)
Waldir Pimenta <waldyrious@gmail.com> (@waldyrious)
Felix Yan <felixonmars@archlinux.org> (@felixonmars)
Leandro Ostera <leandro@ostera.io> (@ostera)

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@ -41,21 +41,28 @@ for the most common UNIX / Linux / OSX / SunOS commands.
You can access these pages on your computer using one of the following clients: You can access these pages on your computer using one of the following clients:
- [Node.js client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-node-client) : `npm install -g tldr` - [Node.js client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-node-client) : `npm install -g tldr`
- [Python client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-python-client) : `pip install tldr` - Python clients:
- [Python client](https://github.com/lord63/tldr.py): `pip install tldr.py` - [tldr-python-client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-python-client) : `pip install tldr`
- [tldr.py](https://github.com/lord63/tldr.py): `pip install tldr.py`
- [Go client](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr): `go get github.com/pranavraja/tldr` - [Go client](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr): `go get github.com/pranavraja/tldr`
or [platform binaries](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr/releases) (or [platform binaries](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr/releases))
- [Elixir client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr_elixir_client): binaries available soon - [Elixir client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr_elixir_client) (binaries not yet available)
- [C++ client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-cpp-client): `brew tap tldr-pages/tldr && brew install tldr` - [C++ client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-cpp-client): `brew install tldr-pages/tldr/tldr`
- Android client: - Android clients:
- [tldr-viewer](https://github.com/gianasista/tldr-viewer), available on - [tldr-viewer](https://github.com/gianasista/tldr-viewer), available on
[Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.gianasista.tldr_viewer) [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.gianasista.tldr_viewer)
- [tldroid](https://github.com/hidroh/tldroid), available on - [tldroid](https://github.com/hidroh/tldroid), available on
[Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.github.hidroh.tldroid) [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.github.hidroh.tldroid)
- [Ruby client](https://github.com/YellowApple/tldrb): `gem install tldrb` - [Ruby client](https://github.com/YellowApple/tldrb): `gem install tldrb`
- Rust clients:
- [rust-tldr](https://github.com/rilut/rust-tldr) (online lookup): `cargo install tldr`
- [tldr-rs](https://github.com/dbrgn/tldr-rs) (offline caching, not yet published)
- [R client](https://github.com/kirillseva/tldrrr): `devtools::install_github('kirillseva/tldrrr')` - [R client](https://github.com/kirillseva/tldrrr): `devtools::install_github('kirillseva/tldrrr')`
- [Web client](https://github.com/ostera/tldr.jsx): try tldr on your browser - [Dart client](https://github.com/hterkelsen/tldr): `pub global activate tldr`
[here](https://ostera.github.io/tldr.jsx)! - [Web client](https://github.com/ostera/tldr.jsx): https://ostera.github.io/tldr.jsx
- [Perl5 client](https://github.com/shoichikaji/perl-tldr): `cpanm App::tldr`
- [Emacs client](https://github.com/kuanyui/tldr.el)
- [Bash client](https://github.com/raylee/tldr)
Let us know if you are building one and we can add it to this list! Let us know if you are building one and we can add it to this list!
@ -67,3 +74,9 @@ Let us know if you are building one and we can add it to this list!
Contributions are most welcome! Contributions are most welcome!
Have a look at the [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) Have a look at the [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
and go ahead! and go ahead!
## Similar projects
- [Cheat](https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat) allows you to create and view interactive cheatsheets on the command-line. It was designed to help remind *nix system administrators of options for commands that they use frequently, but not frequently enough to remember.
- [Bro pages](http://bropages.org/) are a highly readable supplement to man pages. Bro pages show concise, common-case examples for Unix commands.

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# 7za
> A file archiver with high compression ratio
- compress directory or file
`7za a {{compressed.7z}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}`
- decompress an existing 7z file with original directory structure
`7za x {{compressed.7z}}`
- compress to zip format
`7za a -tzip {{compressed.zip}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}`
- create multipart 7zip file; `part_size` specifies part size in Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes or Gigabytes.
`7za -v{{part_size}}{{[b|k|m|g]}} {{compressed.7z}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}`

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# Android Debug Bridge
> Communicate with an Android emulator instance or connected Android devices
- Check whether the adb server process is running and start it
`adb start-server`
- Terminate the adb server process
`adb kill-server`
- Start a remote shell in the target emulator/device instance
`adb shell`
- Push an Android application to an emulator/device
`adb install -r {{apk.path}}`

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# bash
> Bourne-Again SHell
> `sh`-compatible command line interpreter.
- Start interactive command line interpreter
`bash`
- Execute command passed as parameter
`bash -c {{command}}`
- Run commands from file (script)
`bash {{file}}`
- Run commands from file and print them as they are executed
`bash -x {{file}}`

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# bashmarks
> Save and jump to commonly used directories using 1 character commands.
- List available bookmarks
`l`
- Save the current folder as "bookmark_name"
`s {{bookmark_name}}`
- Go to a bookmarked folder
`g {{bookmark_name}}`
- Print a bookmarked folder's contents
`p {{bookmark_name}}`
- Delete a bookmark
`d {{bookmark_name}}`

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# cowsay
> Generate an ASCII character like a cow or sheep saying or thinking something
- Print an ASCII cow saying "Hello world!"
`cowsay "Hello world!"`
- Print an ASCII dragon saying "Hello!"
`echo "Hello!" | cowsay -f dragon`
- Print a stoned thinking ASCII cow
`cowthink -s "I'm just a cow, not a great thinker ..."`

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
- Download a URL to a file - Download a URL to a file
`curl "{{URL}}" -o filename` `curl "{{URL}}" -o {{filename}}`
- send form-encoded data - send form-encoded data

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@ -18,3 +18,11 @@
- Stop a container - Stop a container
`docker stop {{container}}` `docker stop {{container}}`
- Start a container from an image and get a shell inside of it
`docker run -it {{image}} bash`
- Run a command inside of an already running container
`docker exec {{container}} {{command}}`

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# enca
> Detect and convert encoding of text files
- detect file(s) encoding according to your system's locale
`enca {{file(s)}}`
- detect file(s) encoding; -L option tells enca the current language; language is in the POSIX/C locale format, e.g. zh_CN, en_US etc.
`enca -L {{language}} {{file(s)}}`
- convert file(s) to specified encoding
`enca -L {{language}} -x {{to_encoding}} {{file(s)}}`
- save original_file as new_file and convert new_file to specified encoding
`enca -L {{language}} -x {{to_encoding}} < {{original_file}} > {{new_file}}`

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# fortune
> Print a random quotation (fortune-cookie style)
- Print a quotation
`fortune`
- Print a quotation from a given database
`fortune {{database}}`
- Print a list of quotation databases
`fortune -f`
- Print an offensive quotation
`fortune -o`
- Print a long quotation
`fortune -l`
- Print a short quotation
`fortune -s`

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# git svn
> Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
- clone an SVN repository
`git svn clone {{http://example.com/my_subversion_repo}} {{local_dir}}`
- update local clone from the upstream SVN repository
`git svn rebase`
- commit back to SVN repository
`git svn dcommit`

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@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
`grep -c {{something}} {{file_path}}` `grep -c {{something}} {{file_path}}`
- print line number for each match
`grep -n {{something}} {{file_path}}`
- use the standard input instead of a file - use the standard input instead of a file
`cat {{file_path}} | grep {{something}}` `cat {{file_path}} | grep {{something}}`

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# host # host
Lookup Domain Name Server > Lookup Domain Name Server
- Lookup A, AAAA, and MX records of a domain - Lookup A, AAAA, and MX records of a domain

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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# ionice
> Get or set program I/O scheduling class and priority.
> Scheduling classes: 1 (realtime), 2 (best-effort), 3 (idle).
> Priority levels: 0 (the highest) - 7 (the lowest).
- Set I/O scheduling class of a running process
`ionice -c {{scheduling_class}} -p {{pid}}`
- Run a command with custom I/O scheduling class and priority
`ionice -c {{scheduling_class}} -n {{priority}} {{command}}`
- Print the I/O scheduling class and priority of a running process
`ionice -p {{pid}}`

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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
# last
> View the last logged in users
- view last logins, their duration and other information as read from /var/log/wtmp
`last`
- specify how many of the last logins to show
`last -n {{login_count}}`
- view full login times and dates
`last -F`
- view the last login by a specific user
`last {{user_name}}`
- view the last reboot (last login of the pseudo user reboot)
`last reboot`
- view the last shutdown (last login of the pseudo user shutdown)
`last shutdown`

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@ -10,10 +10,6 @@
`ln -sf {{path/to/new/original/file}} {{path/to/file/link}}` `ln -sf {{path/to/new/original/file}} {{path/to/file/link}}`
- overwrite a symbolic link to a folder - create a hard link to a file
`ln -sfT {{path/to/new/original/file}} {{path/to/folder/link}}`
- create a hard link to a file or folder
`ln {{path/to/original/file}} {{path/to/link}}` `ln {{path/to/original/file}} {{path/to/link}}`

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# mailx
> Send and receive mail.
- To send mail, the content is typed after the command and ended with Control-D
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail with short content.
`echo "{{content}}" | mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail with content which written in a file.
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}} < {{content.txt}}`
- Send mail to a recipient and CC to another address.
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" -c {{cc_addr}} {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail and set sender address.
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" -r {{from_addr}} {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail with an attachment.
`mailx -a {{file}} -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}`

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# make
> Task runner for rules described in Makefile.
> Mostly used to control the compilation of an executable from source code.
- Call the all rule
`make`
- Call a specific rule
`make {{rule}}`
- Use specific Makefile
`make -f {{file}}`
- Execute make from another directory
`make -C {{directory}}`

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# mocha
> Execute Mocha JavaScript test runner
- Run tests with default configuration or as configured in `mocha.opts`
`mocha`
- Run tests contained at a specific location
`mocha {{folder/with/tests}}`
- Run tests that match a specific grep pattern
`mocha --grep {{^regex$}}`
- Run tests on changes to JavaScript files in the current directory and once initially
`mocha --watch`
- Run tests with a specific reporter
`mocha --reporter {{reporter}}`

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@ -13,3 +13,7 @@
- Start server with a prefix for all relative paths in config file - Start server with a prefix for all relative paths in config file
`nginx -c {{config_file}} -p {{prefix/for/relative/paths}}` `nginx -c {{config_file}} -p {{prefix/for/relative/paths}}`
- Test configuration without affecting the running server
`nginx -t`

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# pass
> safely store and read passwords or other sensitive data easily
> all data is GPG-encrypted, and managed with a git repository
- initialize the storage using a gpg-id for encryption
`pass init {{gpg_id}}`
- save a new password (prompts you for the value without echoing it)
`pass insert {{path/to/data}}`
- copy a password (first line of the data file) to the clipboard
`pass -c {{path/to/data}}`
- list the whole store tree
`pass`
- generate a new random password with a given length, and copy it to the clipboard
`pass generate -c {{path/to/data}} {{num}}`
- run any git command against the underlying store repository
`pass git {{git-arguments}}`

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@ -4,16 +4,12 @@
- return PIDs of any running processes with a matching command string - return PIDs of any running processes with a matching command string
`pgrep {{Finder}}` `pgrep {{process_name}}`
- search full command line with parameters instead of just the process name - search full command line with parameters instead of just the process name
`pgrep -f "{{ssh root}}"` `pgrep -f "{{process_name}} {{parameter}}"`
- search for process run by a specific user - search for process run by a specific user
`pgrep -u root {{firefox}}` `pgrep -u root {{process_name}}`
- kill all processes which match
`pkill -9 {{Finder}}`

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# pkill
> Signal process by name
> Mostly used for stopping processes
- kill all processes which match
`pkill -9 {{process_name}}`
- send SIGUSR1 signal to processes which match
`pkill -USR1 {{process_name}}`

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# Sass
> Converts SCSS or Sass files to CSS
- Output converted file to stdout
`sass {{inputfile.(scss|sass)}}`
- Immediately convert SCSS or Sass file to CSS to specified output file
`sass {{inputfile.(scss|sass)}} {{outputfile.css}}`
- Watch SCSS or Sass file for changes and output or update CSS file with same filename
`sass --watch {{inputfile.(scss|sass)}}`
- Watch SCSS or Sass file for changes and output or update CSS file with specified filename
`sass --watch {{inputfile.(scss|sass)}}:{{outputfile.css}}`

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# sl
> Steam locomotive running through your terminal.
- Let a steam locomotive run through your terminal.
`sl`
- The train burns, people scream.
`sl -a`
- Let the train fly.
`sl -F`

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- run a command on a remote server - run a command on a remote server
`ssh {{remote_host}} "{{command -with -flags}}"` `ssh {{remote_host}} {{command -with -flags}}`
- ssh tunneling: dynamic port forwarding (SOCKS proxy on localhost:9999) - ssh tunneling: dynamic port forwarding (SOCKS proxy on localhost:9999)

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# su
> switch shell to another user
- Switch to user {{username}} (password required):
`su {{username}}`
- Switch to superuser (admin password required):
`su`

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`tcpdump host {{www.example.com}}` `tcpdump host {{www.example.com}}`
- capture the traffic from a specific interface, source, destination and port - capture the traffic from a specific interface, source, destination and destination port
`tcpdump -i {{eth0}} src {{192.168.1.1}} dest {{192.168.1.2}} and port 80` `tcpdump -i {{eth0}} src {{192.168.1.1}} and dst {{192.168.1.2}} and dst port 80`
- capture the traffic of a network - capture the traffic of a network

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> Change a file access and modification times (atime, mtime) > Change a file access and modification times (atime, mtime)
- Create a new empty file(s) or change the times for existing file(s) to current time. - Create a new empty file(s) or change the times for existing file(s) to current time
`touch {{filename}}` `touch {{filename}}`

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# unrar
> Extract RAR archives
- extract files with original directory structure
`unrar x {{compressed.rar}}`
- extract files into current directory, losing directory structure in the archive
`unrar e {{compressed.rar}}`
- test integrity of each file inside the archive file
`unrar t {{compressed.rar}}`
- list files inside the archive file without decompressing it
`unrar l {{compressed.rar}}`

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# vagrant
> Manage lightweight, reproducible, and portable development environments
- Create Vagrantfile in current folder with the base Vagrant box
`vagrant init`
- Create Vagrantfile with the Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) box from HashiCorp Atlas
`vagrant init ubuntu/trusty32`
- Start and provision the vagrant environment
`vagrant up`
- Suspend the machine
`vagrant suspend`
- Connect to machine via SSH
`vagrant ssh`

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# vim # vim
> Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor > Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
- open a file with cursor at the given line number - open a file with cursor at the given line number

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# dpkg-query
> A tool that shows information about installed packages.
- List all installed packages.
`dpkg-query -l`
- List installed packages matching a pattern.
`dpkg-query -l '{{pattern}}'`
- List all files installed by a package.
`dpkg-query -L {{package_name}}`
- Show information about a package.
`dpkg-query -s {{package_name}}`

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- Output the first few lines of a file - Output the first few lines of a file
`head -n {{count of lines}} {{filename}}` `head -n {{count_of_lines}} {{filename}}`
- Output the first few bytes of a file - Output the first few bytes of a file
`head -c {{size in kilobytes}} {{filename}}` `head -c {{size_in_bytes}} {{filename}}`
- Output everything but the last few lines of a file - Output everything but the last few lines of a file
`head -n -{{count of lines}} {{filename}}` `head -n -{{count_of_lines}} {{filename}}`
- Output everything but the last few bytes of a file - Output everything but the last few bytes of a file
`head -c -{{size in kilobytes}} {{filename}}` `head -c -{{size_in_bytes}} {{filename}}`

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# hostname # hostname
Show or set the system's host name > Show or set the system's host name
- Show current host name - Show current host name

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# jobs
> BASH builtin for viewing information about processes spawned by the current shell.
- view jobs spawned by the current shell
`jobs`
- list jobs and their process ids
`jobs -l`
- display information about jobs with changed status
`jobs -n`
- display process id of process group leader
`jobs -p`
- display running processes
`jobs -r`
- display stopped processes
`jobs -s`

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# nethogs
> Monitor bandwidth usage per process
- Start nethogs as root (default device is eth0)
`sudo nethogs`
- Monitor bandwidth on specific device
`sudo nethogs {{device}}`
- Monitor bandwidth on multiple devices
`sudo nethogs {{device1}} {{device2}}`
- Specify refresh rate
`sudo nethogs -t {{seconds}}`

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- synchronize and update all packages - synchronize and update all packages
`pacman -Syyu` `pacman -Syu`
- install a new package - install a new package
@ -25,3 +25,11 @@
- list only the explicitly installed packages and versions - list only the explicitly installed packages and versions
`pacman -Qe` `pacman -Qe`
- find which package owns a certain file
`pacman -Qo filename`
- empty package cache to free up space
`pacman -Scc`

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# ssh-copy-id
> Install your public key in a remote machine's authorized_keys.
- Copy the given public key to the remote
`ssh-copy-id -i {{path/to/certificate}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}`
- Copy the given public key to the remote with specific port
`ssh-copy-id -i {{path/to/certificate}} -p {{port}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}`

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- Count time, calls, and errors for each system call and report a summary on program exit. - Count time, calls, and errors for each system call and report a summary on program exit.
`strace -p {{pid}} -c` `strace -p {{pid}} -c`
- Show the time spent in every system call
`strace -p {{pid}} -T`

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# timedatectl
> Control the system time and date
- To check the current system clock time
`timedatectl`
- To set the local time of the system clock directly
`timedatectl set-time {{"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"}}`
- To list available timezones
`timedatectl list-timezones`
- To change timezones
`timedatectl set-timezone {{timezone}}`

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# ulimit
> Get and set user limits
- get the properties of all the user limits
`ulimit -a`
- get hard limit for the number of simultaneously opened files
`ulimit -H -n`
- get soft limit for the number of simultaneously opened files
`ulimit -S -n`
- set max per-user process limit
`ulimit -u 30`

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# zypper
> SUSE & openSUSE package management utility
- Synchronize list of packages and versions available
`zypper refresh`
- Install a new package
`zypper install {{package}}`
- Remove a package
`zypper remove {{package}}`
- Upgrade installed packages to newest available versions
`zypper update`
- Search package via keyword
`zypper search {{keyword}}`

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# ditto
> Copy files and folders
- Overwrites contents of destination folder with contents of source folder
`ditto {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- print a line to the Terminal window for every file thats being copied
`ditto -V {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- copy a given file or folder, while retaining the original file permissions.
`ditto -rsrc {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`

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- Output the first few lines of a file - Output the first few lines of a file
`head -n {{count of lines}} {{filename}}` `head -n {{count_of_lines}} {{filename}}`
- Output the first few bytes of a file - Output the first few bytes of a file
`head -c {{number in kilobytes}} {{filename}}` `head -c {{number_in_bytes}} {{filename}}`

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# hostname # hostname
Show or set the system's host name > Show or set the system's host name
- Show current host name - Show current host name

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> List files matching a given query > List files matching a given query
- Find a file by it's name - Find a file by its name
`mdfind -name {{file}}` `mdfind -name {{file}}`
- Find a file by it's content - Find a file by its content
`mdfind {{query}}` `mdfind {{query}}`