Merge branch 'master' into convmv-page

waldyrious/alt-syntax
joelhy 2016-01-04 10:02:40 +08:00
commit 9af9b3db5a
52 changed files with 538 additions and 72 deletions

View File

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Detailed explanation:
git checkout -b <topic-branch-name>
```
5. Run `make lint` to check that your page(s) are correct.
5. Run `make lint` to check that your page(s) are correct. Try to run the commands you are describing to ensure the syntax is correct.
6. Please use the following commit message format:
`<command>: type of change`.
@ -103,14 +103,30 @@ Detailed explanation:
8. [Open a Pull Request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/)
with a clear title and description.
If page is not about a standard Unix/Linux tool, please include a link to the tool home page.
If you are changing something non-trivial, not just adding a page for a new tool, please describe why you are doing this.
9. Use Git's
[interactive rebase](https://help.github.com/articles/interactive-rebase)
feature to tidy up your commits before making them public.
If you are not familiar with `git rebase`, it might be helpful to check out these video tutorials:
- [Git Rebase: squash last commits](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh9KtjfjzCU)
- [Learning Git Tutorial: Interactive Rebasing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NW46XmvJh5Q)
In most cases it is better to squash commits before submitting a pull request.
10. If you are asked to amend your changes before they can be merged in, please
use `git commit --amend` and force push to your remote feature branch.
You may also be asked to squash commits.
10. If you do not want to do a rebasing, you can overwrite your last commit in pull request, while you have only a single commit. You can achieve this with `git commit --amend` command.
```bash
# When you are on topic branch of your pull request
# Fix your files
git add . # Register edited files
git commit --amend # Do amended commit
git push --force # Overwrite your branch
```
## Licensing

View File

@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
default: lint
all: setup index
index:
@echo "WARNING!"
@echo "Index rebuilding is deprecated."
@ -10,7 +8,18 @@ index:
@TLDRHOME=`pwd` ./scripts/build_index.rb
@echo "Index rebuilt."
setup: hooks deps
setup: prerequisites hooks deps
prerequisites:
@echo
@echo "IMPORTANT!"
@echo "Before setting up hooks, make sure you have read Contributing Guidelines"
@echo "https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-a-pull-request"
@echo
@echo "TL;DR:"
@echo "1. Install Ruby suitable for your system"
@echo "2. Run 'gem install bundler'"
@echo
hooks:
@cp ./scripts/pre-commit .git/hooks
@ -24,4 +33,4 @@ deps:
lint:
@bundle exec mdl --style ./scripts/markdown-style.rb pages
.PHONY: default index setup hooks deps lint
.PHONY: default index setup prerequisites hooks deps lint

View File

@ -41,21 +41,23 @@ for the most common UNIX / Linux / OSX / SunOS commands.
You can access these pages on your computer using one of the following clients:
- [Node.js client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-node-client) : `npm install -g tldr`
- [Python client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-python-client) : `pip install tldr`
- [Python client](https://github.com/lord63/tldr.py): `pip install tldr.py`
- Python clients:
- [tldr-python-client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-python-client) : `pip install tldr`
- [tldr.py](https://github.com/lord63/tldr.py): `pip install tldr.py`
- [Go client](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr): `go get github.com/pranavraja/tldr`
or [platform binaries](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr/releases)
- [Elixir client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr_elixir_client): binaries available soon
(or [platform binaries](https://github.com/pranavraja/tldr/releases))
- [Elixir client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr_elixir_client) (binaries not yet available)
- [C++ client](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr-cpp-client): `brew tap tldr-pages/tldr && brew install tldr`
- Android client:
- Android clients:
- [tldr-viewer](https://github.com/gianasista/tldr-viewer), available on
[Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.gianasista.tldr_viewer)
- [tldroid](https://github.com/hidroh/tldroid), available on
[Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.github.hidroh.tldroid)
- [Ruby client](https://github.com/YellowApple/tldrb): `gem install tldrb`
- [Rust client](https://github.com/rilut/rust-tldr): `cargo install tldr`
- [R client](https://github.com/kirillseva/tldrrr): `devtools::install_github('kirillseva/tldrrr')`
- [Web client](https://github.com/ostera/tldr.js): try tldr on your browser
[here](https://ostera.github.io/tldr.js)!
- [Dart client](https://github.com/hterkelsen/tldr): `pub global activate tldr`
- [Web client](https://github.com/ostera/tldr.jsx): https://ostera.github.io/tldr.jsx
Let us know if you are building one and we can add it to this list!

View File

@ -2,10 +2,22 @@
> Create, modify, and extract from archives (.a .so .o)
- Extract members of the archive
- Extract all members from an archive
`ar -x libfoo.a`
`ar -x {{libfoo.a}}`
- List the content (files) of libfoo.a
- List the members of an archive
`ar -t libfoo.a`
`ar -t {{libfoo.a}}`
- Replace or add files to an archive
`ar -r {{libfoo.a}} {{foo.o}} {{bar.o}} {{baz.o}}`
- Insert an object file index (equivalent to using `ranlib`)
`ar -s {{libfoo.a}}`
- Create an archive with files and an accompanying object file index
`ar -rs {{libfoo.a}} {{foo.o}} {{bar.o}} {{baz.o}}`

23
pages/common/bashmarks.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
# bashmarks
> Save and jump to commonly used directories using 1 character commands.
- List available bookmarks
`l`
- Save the current folder as "bookmark_name"
`s {{bookmark_name}}`
- Go to a bookmarked folder
`g {{bookmark_name}}`
- Print a bookmarked folder's contents
`p {{bookmark_name}}`
- Delete a bookmark
`d {{bookmark_name}}`

View File

@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
> Print and concatenate files.
- Print the contents of *file1* to the standard output
- Print the contents of a file to the standard output
`cat {{file1}}`
`cat {{file}}`
- Concatenate several files into the target file.
`cat {{file1}} {{file2}} > {{target-file}}`
- Append serveral files into the target file.
`cat {{file1}} {{file2}} >> {{target-file}}`

View File

@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
`convert {{image.png}} -resize 50% {{image2.png}}`
- Scale an image keeping the original aspect ratio to a maximum dimension of 640x480.
`convert {{image.png}} -resize 640x480 {{image2.png}}`
- Horizontally append images
`convert {{image1.png}} {{image2.png}} {{image3.png}} +append {{image123.png}}`

15
pages/common/cowsay.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# cowsay
> Generate an ASCII character like a cow or sheep saying or thinking something
- Print an ASCII cow saying "Hello world!"
`cowsay "Hello world!"`
- Print an ASCII dragon saying "Hello!"
`echo "Hello!" | cowsay -f dragon`
- Print a stoned thinking ASCII cow
`cowthink -s "I'm just a cow, not a great thinker ..."`

15
pages/common/emacs.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# emacs
> The extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor
- Open emacs in console mode (without X window)
`emacs -nw`
- Open a file in emacs
`emacs {{filename}}`
- Exit emacs
`C-x C-c`

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
- Install specific version of a gem
`gem install -v={{0.0.15}}`
`gem install {{gemname}} -v {{1.0.0}}`
- Update a gem

View File

@ -13,3 +13,7 @@
- Output a condensed summary of extended header information.
`git diff --summary {{PATHSPEC}}`
- Show staged (added, but not yet committed) changes only.
`git diff --staged`

15
pages/common/gradle.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# Gradle
> Gradle is the official build system for Android Studio
- Compile a package
`gradle build`
- Clear the build folder
`gradle clean`
- Compile and Release package
`gradle assembleRelease`

15
pages/common/host.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# host
> Lookup Domain Name Server
- Lookup A, AAAA, and MX records of a domain
`host {{domain}}`
- Lookup a field (CNAME, TXT,...) of a domain
`host -t {{field}} {{domain}}`
- Reverse lookup an IP
`host {{ip_address}}`

27
pages/common/last.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
# last
> View the last logged in users
- view last logins, their duration and other information as read from /var/log/wtmp
`last`
- specify how many of the last logins to show
`last -n {{login_count}}`
- view full login times and dates
`last -F`
- view the last login by a specific user
`last {{user_name}}`
- view the last reboot (last login of the pseudo user reboot)
`last reboot`
- view the last shutdown (last login of the pseudo user shutdown)
`last shutdown`

View File

@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
`mysql {{database_name}}`
- Connect to a database using credentials
- Connect to a database, user will be prompted for a password
`mysql -u {{user}} -p{{password}} {{database_name}}`
`mysql -u {{user}} --password {{database_name}}`
- Execute SQL statements in a script file (batch file)

View File

@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
> Backups mysql databases
- creating a backup
- Create a backup, user will be prompted for a password
`mysqldump -u {{user}} -p{{password}} {{database_name}} > {{filename.sql}}`
`mysqldump -u {{user}} --password {{database_name}} > {{filename.sql}}`
- restoring a backup
- Restoring a backup, user will be prompted for a password
`mysql -u {{user}} -p{{password}} {{database_name}} < {{filename.sql}}`
`mysql -u {{user}} --password {{database_name}} < {{filename.sql}}`

View File

@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
# nmap
> Network exploration tool and security / port scanner
> Network exploration tool and security / port scanner.
> Some features only activate when Nmap is run with privileges.
- scan open ports of a single host
- Try to determine whether the specified hosts are up and what are their names.
`nmap {{192.168.0.1}}`
`nmap -sn {{ip_or_hostname}} {{optional_another_address}}`
- discover hosts in the 192.168.0.X area (no port scan)
- Like above, but also run a default 1000-port TCP scan if host seems up.
`nmap -sn {{192.168.0.1/24}}`
`nmap {{ip_or_hostname}} {{optional_another_address}}`
- faster scan of a single host (scans for common ports)
- Also enable service detection, OS fingerprinting and traceroute.
`nmap -F {{192.168.0.1}}`
`nmap -A {{address_or_addresses}}`
- faster scan of a subnet (scans for common ports)
- Assume good network connection and speed up execution:
`nmap -F {{192.168.0.1/24}}`
`nmap -T4 {{address_or_addresses}}`
- Scan a specific list of ports (use -p- for all ports 1-65535)
`nmap -p {{port1,port2,...,portN}} {{address_or_addresses}}`
- Perform TCP and UDP scanning (use -sU for UDP only, -sZ for SCTP, -sO for IP):
`nmap -sSU {{address_or_addresses}}`

View File

@ -10,6 +10,10 @@
`npm install`
- Download and install a module globally
`npm install -g {{module_name}}`
- Download a given dependency, and add it to the package.json
`npm install {{module_name}}@{{version}} --save`
@ -21,3 +25,7 @@
- Publish the current project
`npm publish`
- Cleanup packages (removes packages which are installed but are not listed in `package.json`)
`npm prune`

27
pages/common/parallel.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
# GNU Parallel
> Run commands on multiple CPU cores
- gzip several files at once, using all cores
`parallel gzip ::: {{file1}} {{file2}} {{file3}}`
- read arguments from stdin, run 4 jobs at once
`ls *.txt | parallel -j4 gzip`
- Convert JPG images to PNG using replacement strings
`parallel convert {} {.}.png ::: *.jpg`
- parallel xargs, cram as many args as possible onto one command
`{{args}} | parallel -X {{command}}`
- break stdin into ~1M blocks, feed each block to stdin of new command
`cat {{bigfile.txt}} | parallel --pipe --block 1M {{command}}`
- run on multiple machines via SSH
`parallel -S {{machine1}},{{machine2}} {{command}} ::: {{arg1}} {{arg2}}`

View File

@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
> passwd is a tool used to change a user's password.
* Change the password of the current user
- Change the password of the current user
`passwd {{new password}}`
* Change the password of the specified user
- Change the password of the specified user
`passwd {{username}} {{new password}}`
* Get the current statuts of the user
- Get the current statuts of the user
`passwd -S`
* Make the password of the account blank (it will set the named account passwordless)
- Make the password of the account blank (it will set the named account passwordless)
`passwd -d`

View File

@ -4,16 +4,12 @@
- return PIDs of any running processes with a matching command string
`pgrep {{Finder}}`
`pgrep {{process_name}}`
- search full command line with parameters instead of just the process name
`pgrep -f "{{ssh root}}"`
`pgrep -f "{{process_name}} {{parameter}}"`
- search for process run by a specific user
`pgrep -u root {{firefox}}`
- kill all processes which match
`pkill -9 {{Finder}}`
`pgrep -u root {{process_name}}`

19
pages/common/phpunit.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# phpunit
> PHPUnit command-line test runner
- Run tests in the current direcotry. Note: Expects you to have a 'phpunit.xml'
`phpunit`
- Run tests in a specific file.
`phpunit {{path/to/TestFile.php}}`
- Run tests annotated with the given group.
`phpunit --group {{name}}`
- Run tests and generate a coverage report in HTML.
`phpunit --coverage-html {{directory}}`

12
pages/common/pkill.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
# pkill
> Signal process by name
> Mostly used for stopping processes
- kill all processes which match
`pkill -9 {{process_name}}`
- send SIGUSR1 signal to processes which match
`pkill -USR1 {{process_name}}`

View File

@ -6,10 +6,14 @@
`psql {{database}}`
- Connect to *database* on given server *host* running on given *port* with *username* given
- Connect to *database* on given server *host* running on given *port* with *username* given, no password prompt
`psql -h {{host}} -p {{port}} -U {{username}} {{database}}`
- Connect to *database*, user will be prompted for password
`psql -h {{host}} -p {{port}} -U {{username}} -W {{database}}`
- Run single *query* against the given *database*. Note: useful in shell scripts
`psql -c '{{query}}' {{database}}`

View File

@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
- Execute a highstate on all connected minions:
`salt '*' state.highstate
`salt '*' state.highstate`
- Upgrade packages using the OS package manager (apt, yum, brew) on a subset of minions
`salt '*.domain.com' pkg.upgrade
`salt '*.domain.com' pkg.upgrade`
- Execute an arbitrary command on a particular minion:
`salt '{{minion_id}}' cmd.run "ls "
`salt '{{minion_id}}' cmd.run "ls "`

View File

@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
`sed 's/{{find}}/{{replace}}/g' {{filename}}`
- replace all occurrences of a string in a file, and overwrite the file
contents
- replace all occurrences of a string in a file, and overwrite the file contents
`sed -i 's/{{find}}/{{replace}}/g' {{filename}}`

15
pages/common/sl.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# sl
> Steam locomotive running through your terminal.
- Let a steam locomotive run through your terminal.
`sl`
- The train burns, people scream.
`sl -a`
- Let the train fly.
`sl -F`

19
pages/common/strings.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# strings
> Find printable strings in an object file or binary
- Print all strings in a binary
`strings {{file}}`
- Limit results to strings at least *length* characters long
`strings -n {{length}} {{file}}`
- Prefix each result with its offset within the file
`strings -t d {{file}}`
- Prefix each result with its offset within the file in hexadecimal
`strings -t x {{file}}`

11
pages/common/tac.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# tac
> Print and concatenate files in reverse.
- Print the contents of *file1* reversed to the standard output
`tac {{file1}}`
- Concatenate several files reversed into the target file.
`tac {{file1}} {{file2}} > {{target-file}}`

View File

@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
> Change a file access and modification times (atime, mtime)
- Create a new empty file(s) or change the times for existing file(s) to current time.`
- Create a new empty file(s) or change the times for existing file(s) to current time
`touch {{filename}}`
- Set the times on a file to those specified
`touch -t 201412250801.59 {{filename}}
`touch -t {{YYYYMMDDHHMM.SS}} {{filename}}
`touch -t 201412250801.59 {{filename}}`
`touch -t {{YYYYMMDDHHMM.SS}} {{filename}}`
- Set the times on a file to match those on second file

23
pages/common/vagrant.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
# vagrant
> Manage lightweight, reproducible, and portable development environments
- Create Vagrantfile in current folder with the base Vagrant box
`vagrant init`
- Create Vagrantfile with the Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) box from HashiCorp Atlas
`vagrant init ubuntu/trusty32`
- Start and provision the vagrant environment
`vagrant up`
- Suspend the machine
`vagrant suspend`
- Connect to machine via SSH
`vagrant ssh`

View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# virtualenv
> Create virtual isolated Python environments
- Create a new environment
`virtualenv {{path/to/venv}}`
- Start (select) the environment
`source {{path/to/venv}}/bin/activate`
- Stop the environment
`deactivate`

7
pages/common/whoami.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
# whoami
> Show the username of the current user
- Display currently logged user name
`whoami`

15
pages/linux/apt-cache.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# apt-cache
> Debian and Ubuntu package query tool
- Search for a package in your current sources
`apt-cache search {{query}}`
- Show information about a package
`apt-cache show {{package}}`
- Show whether a package is installed and up to date
`apt-cache policy {{package}}`

19
pages/linux/dd.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# dd
> convert and copy a file
- Make a bootable usb drive from an isohybrid file (such like archlinux-xxx.iso)
`dd if={{file.iso}} of=/dev/{{usb_drive}}`
- Clone a drive to another drive with 4MB block and ignore error
`dd if=/dev/{{source_drive}} of=/dev/{{dest_drive}} bs=4M conv=noerror`
- Generating a file of 100 random bytes by using kernel random driver
`dd if=/dev/urandom of={{random_file}} bs=100 count=1`
- Benchmark the write performance of a disk
`dd if=/dev/zero of={{file_1GB}} bs=1024 count=1000000`

View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# hostname
Show or set the system's host name
> Show or set the system's host name
- Show current host name

View File

@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
`shutdown -r +{{5}} &`
- Shutdown at 1:00 pm (Uses 24h clock)
`shutdown -h 13:00`
- Cancel a pending shutdown/reboot operation
`shutdown -c`

View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# ssh-copy-id
> Install your public key in a remote machine's authorized_keys.
- Copy the given public key to the remote
`ssh-copy-id -i {{path/to/certificate}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}`
- Copy the given public key to the remote with specific port
`ssh-copy-id -i {{path/to/certificate}} -p {{port}} {{username}}@{{remote_host}}`

View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# timedatectl
> Control the system time and date
- To check the current system clock time
`timedatectl`
- To set the local time of the system clock directly
`timedatectl set-time {{"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"}}`
- To list available timezones
`timedatectl list-timezones`
- To change timezones
`timedatectl set-timezone {{timezone}}`

19
pages/linux/ulimit.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# ulimit
> Get and set user limits
- get the properties of all the user limits
`ulimit -a`
- get hard limit for the number of simultaneously opened files
`ulimit -H -n`
- get soft limit for the number of simultaneously opened files
`ulimit -S -n`
- set max per-user process limit
`ulimit -u 30`

23
pages/linux/xrandr.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
# xrandr
> Set the size, orientation and/or reflection of the outputs for a screen
- Display the current state of the system (known screens, resolutions, ...)
`xrandr --query`
- Disable disconnected outputs and enable connected ones with default settings
`xrandr --auto`
- Change the resolution and update frequency of DisplayPort 1 to 1920x1080, 60Hz
`xrandr --output {{DP1}} --mode {{1920x1080}} --rate {{60}}`
- Set the resolution of HDMI2 to 1280x1024 and put it on the right of DP1
`xrandr --output {{HDMI2}} --mode {{1280x1024}} --right-of {{DP1}}`
- Disable the VGA1 output
`xrandr --output {{VGA1}} --off`

View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
`yum install {{package}}`
- Install a new package and assume yes to all questions (Also works with update, great for automated updates)
- Install a new package and assume yes to all questions (also works with update, great for automated updates)
`yum -y install {{package}}`

19
pages/osx/dd.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# dd
> convert and copy a file
- Make a bootable usb drive from an isohybrid file (such like archlinux-xxx.iso)
`dd if={{file.iso}} of=/dev/{{usb_drive}}`
- Clone a drive to another drive with 4MB block and ignore error
`dd if=/dev/{{source_drive}} of=/dev/{{dest_drive}} bs=4m conv=noerror`
- Generating a file of 100 random bytes by using kernel random driver
`dd if=/dev/urandom of={{random_file}} bs=100 count=1`
- Benchmark the write performance of a disk
`dd if=/dev/zero of={{file_1GB}} bs=1024 count=1000000`

View File

@ -6,10 +6,6 @@
`diskutil list`
- Repair permissions on a volume
`diskutil repairPermissions {{/Volumes/Name}}`
- Repair the file system data structures of a volume
`diskutil repairVolume {{/dev/diskX}}`

15
pages/osx/ditto.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# ditto
> Copy files and folders
- Overwrites contents of destination folder with contents of source folder
`ditto {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- print a line to the Terminal window for every file thats being copied
`ditto -V {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`
- copy a given file or folder, while retaining the original file permissions.
`ditto -rsrc {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`

View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# hostname
Show or set the system's host name
> Show or set the system's host name
- Show current host name

View File

@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
> List files matching a given query
- Find a file by it's name
- Find a file by its name
`mdfind -name {{file}}`
- Find a file by it's content
- Find a file by its content
`mdfind {{query}}`

View File

@ -18,6 +18,6 @@
`netstat -p {PROTOCOL}`
- List information continiously
- List information continuously
`netstat -c`

View File

@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
- Open a file with the associated application
`open filename.ext`
`open {{file.ext}}`
- Run a graphical MacOSX application
`open /Applications/iTunes.app`
`open /Applications/{{Application.app}}`
- Open the current directory in Finder
@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
- Reveal a file in finder
`open -R /path/dir/file`
`open -R /path/dir/{{file}}`
- Open all the word docs in the current directory with Microsoft Word
- Open all the files of a given extension in the current directory with the associated application
`open *.doc`
`open {{*.ext}}`