From aba00dfa4c43a46ac32d97bef2c5fb0e1c7eaaa6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Reinhart Previano Koentjoro Date: Thu, 26 Oct 2023 02:28:11 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] style-guide: add Indonesian-specific guidelines (#10987) Co-authored-by: K.B.Dharun Krishna --- contributing-guides/style-guide.md | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/contributing-guides/style-guide.md b/contributing-guides/style-guide.md index f4e331d03..522b882e6 100644 --- a/contributing-guides/style-guide.md +++ b/contributing-guides/style-guide.md @@ -284,7 +284,81 @@ In order to maintain readability and normalization, please comply with the 6 rul For more information and examples of Chinese-specific rules, check out [*Chinese Copywriting Guidelines*](https://github.com/sparanoid/chinese-copywriting-guidelines/blob/master/README.en.md). +### Indonesian-Specific Rules + +When translating pages to Indonesian, please keep in mind that we expect `tldr` pages to be easy to read for **both types of Indonesian audiences**, which are: + +1. People who prefer to use standard Indonesian technical terms as possible, such as `unduh` for `download`, `awakutu` for `debugging`, and `muat ulang` for `reboot`. + - One of the most comprehensive lists of technical terms can be found under the [BlankOn Linux project](https://dev.blankonlinux.or.id/TimPengembang/Dokumentasi/Panduan/PanduanWiki/KamusBlankOn/). +2. People who prefer to use English words as-is to describe technical terms: `download` for `download`, `debugging` for `debugging`, and `reboot` for `reboot`. + +The segmentation of these audiences is clearly noted on [Firefox Public Data Report](https://data.firefox.com/dashboard/usage-behavior): + +> For most countries in the top 10, the majority (>90%) of users have their language set to the local language, **with a notable exception in Indonesia, which has about 80% English (US) and 20% Indonesian.** + +First, command and example descriptions on pages in Indonesian must be written **without using active verb forms (i.e. those with `ber-` and `me-` prefixes)**. This means that sentences such as: + +> **Mengunduh** sebuah file ke dalam suatu direktori +> (i.e. Downloading a file into a directory) + +is considered incorrect. The correct form of the sentence should be: + +> **Unduh** sebuah file ke dalam suatu direktori + +Second, we recommend using the following forms of technical terms to make translated pages easier to read for both types of Indonesian audiences. Some of them may be used as-is, but others must be rewritten using Indonesian standard terms. + +| English | Indonesian | Consideration(s) | +|---|---|---| +| App / Application | Aplikasi | The abbreviated word `apl.` is not common to some readers. | +| Boot, Reboot | Muat, Muat ulang | These words are the same for `load` and `reload`. See notes on the bottom section. | +| Client | Klien | | +| Command-line | Command-line | Using the word as-is is preferred over `baris perintah` or `alat berbasis mekanisme baris perintah` (`command-line tool`). | +| Commit (Git) | Commit | | +| Compile, Compiler | Kompilasikan, Pengompilasi | [`kompilasi`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kompilasi) is officially considered as noun. Requires a `-kan` suffix to convert into a verb. | +| Debugger | Debugger | Preferred over `pengawakutu` (`peng`-[`awakutu`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/awakutu)) which is unfamiliar to some readers. | +| Device | Perangkat | Preferred over [`peranti`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/peranti). | +| Disc | Disc | Preferred over [`cakram`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/cakram) which is unfamiliar by some readers. Use specific words if possible (e.g. CD or DVD). | +| Execute / Run (a program...) | Jalankan | Preferred over [`eksekusikan`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/eksekusikan) which is longer to read and write. | +| File | File | Preferred over [`berkas`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/berkas) which may be unfamiliar by some readers. | +| Generate | Buat | Preferred over [`hasilkan`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/hasilkan). Example context: `Buat laporan baru`. | +| Hardware | Perangkat Keras | Preferred over [`peranti`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/peranti). | +| Image (as picture or visual image) | Gambar | Do not confuse with `image` as means of storage. | +| Image (as means of storage, such as CD, ISO, and Docker) | Image | Another recommended word, [`citra`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/citra), is not officially recognized for computing. | +| Initialize, Reinitialize | Inisialisasikan, Inisialisasikan Ulang | The word [`inisialisasi`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/inisialisasi) is officially considered as noun. Requires a `-kan` suffix to convert into a verb. | +| Interpreter | Interpreter | Preferred over [`penerjemah`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/penerjemah) which is also commonly used to describe `translator`. | +| Install, Reinstall | Pasang, Pasang Ulang | Preferred over `instal` [which is not considered a standard word](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/instal). | +| Load, Reload | Muat, Muat ulang | These words are the same for `boot` and `reboot`. See notes in the bottom section. | +| Options / Preferences (macOS) / Settings | Pengaturan | Preferred over [`opsi`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/opsi). | +| Server | Server | Preferred over [`peladen`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/peladen) or [`pelayan`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/pelayan), which are less common when used in computing contexts. | +| Service | Layanan | The Indonesian standard word is acceptable here. | +| Shell (command-line interface) | Syel | The Indonesian standard word is acceptable here. | +| Software | Perangkat Lunak | Preferred over [`peranti`](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/peranti). | +| Start, Restart | Mulai, Mulai Ulang / Nyalakan, Nyalakan Ulang | See notes on the bottom section. | +| Update | Perbarui | Do not confuse with `upgrade`. | +| Upgrade | Tingkatkan | Do not confuse with `update`. | + +When translating sentences that contain the word `boot` and `load` together, please add the context of the item that is being booted and/or loaded, so the use of the `muat` word may not be ambiguous. For example, when translating: + +> Load configuration from a specific file after reboot + +Instead of translating the sentence into: + +> Muat konfigurasi dari file yang ditentukan setelah muat ulang + +Add detailed contexts to remove ambiguity (notice the highligted word): + +> Muat konfigurasi dari file yang ditentukan setelah **pengguna** memuat ulang **sistem operasi** + +Similarly, for the word `start` / `mulai` + +> Mulai proses server web +> (Start the web server process) + +To ensure that the sentence may not be confused with `start processing the web server`, you can use other words such as `nyalakan`: + +> Nyalakan proses server web + ### French-Specific Rules -Example descriptions on pages in French must use the third person singular present indicative tense (présent de l'indicatif à la troisième personne du singulier). +Command and example descriptions on pages in French must use the third person singular present indicative tense (présent de l'indicatif à la troisième personne du singulier). For example, use `Extrait une archive` rather than `Extraire une archive` or `Extrais une archive`.