# chmod

> Change the access permissions of a file or directory.
> More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chmod>.

- Give the [u]ser who owns a file the right to e[x]ecute it:

`chmod u+x {{path/to/file}}`

- Give the [u]ser rights to [r]ead and [w]rite to a file/directory:

`chmod u+rw {{path/to/file_or_directory}}`

- Remove e[x]ecutable rights from the [g]roup:

`chmod g-x {{path/to/file}}`

- Give [a]ll users rights to [r]ead and e[x]ecute:

`chmod a+rx {{path/to/file}}`

- Give [o]thers (not in the file owner's group) the same rights as the [g]roup:

`chmod o=g {{path/to/file}}`

- Remove all rights from [o]thers:

`chmod o= {{path/to/file}}`

- Change permissions recursively giving [g]roup and [o]thers the ability to [w]rite:

`chmod -R g+w,o+w {{path/to/directory}}`

- Recursively give [a]ll users [r]ead permissions to files and e[X]ecute permissions to sub-directories within a directory:

`chmod -R a+rX {{path/to/directory}}`