Merge pull request #633 from rubenvereecken/fix-all-of-the-syntaxes

Formatted all pages according to guidelines.
waldyrious/alt-syntax
Ruben Vereecken 2016-01-08 09:41:50 +01:00
commit b244f0fd6b
284 changed files with 1338 additions and 1364 deletions

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# 7za # 7za
> A file archiver with high compression ratio > A file archiver with high compression ratio.
- compress directory or file - Compress directory or file:
`7za a {{compressed.7z}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}` `7za a {{compressed.7z}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}`
- decompress an existing 7z file with original directory structure - Decompress an existing 7z file with original directory structure:
`7za x {{compressed.7z}}` `7za x {{compressed.7z}}`
- compress to zip format - Compress to zip format:
`7za a -tzip {{compressed.zip}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}` `7za a -tzip {{compressed.zip}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}`
- create multipart 7zip file; `part_size` specifies part size in Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes or Gigabytes. - Create multipart 7zip file; `part_size` specifies part size in Bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes or Gigabytes:
`7za -v{{part_size}}{{[b|k|m|g]}} {{compressed.7z}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}` `7za -v{{part_size}}{{[b|k|m|g]}} {{compressed.7z}} {{directory_or_file_to_compress}}`

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> Apache Benchmarking tool. The simplest tool to perform a load testing. > Apache Benchmarking tool. The simplest tool to perform a load testing.
- Execute 100 HTTP GET requests to given URL. - Execute 100 HTTP GET requests to given URL:
`ab -n 100 {{url}}` `ab -n 100 {{url}}`
- Execute 100 HTTP GET requests, processing up to 10 requests concurrently, to given URL. - Execute 100 HTTP GET requests, processing up to 10 requests concurrently, to given URL:
`ab -n 100 -c 10 {{url}}` `ab -n 100 -c 10 {{url}}`

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> A search tool like grep, optimized for programmers. > A search tool like grep, optimized for programmers.
- Find files containing "foo" - Find files containing "foo":
`ack {{foo}}` `ack {{foo}}`
- Find files in a specific language - Find files in a specific language:
`ack --ruby {{each_with_object}}` `ack --ruby {{each_with_object}}`
- Count the total number of matches for the term "foo" - Count the total number of matches for the term "foo":
`ack -ch {{foo}}` `ack -ch {{foo}}`
- Show the file names containing "foo" and number of matches in each file - Show the file names containing "foo" and number of matches in each file:
`ack -cl {{foo}}` `ack -cl {{foo}}`

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# Android Debug Bridge # Android Debug Bridge
> Communicate with an Android emulator instance or connected Android devices > Communicate with an Android emulator instance or connected Android devices.
- Check whether the adb server process is running and start it - Check whether the adb server process is running and start it:
`adb start-server` `adb start-server`
- Terminate the adb server process - Terminate the adb server process:
`adb kill-server` `adb kill-server`
- Start a remote shell in the target emulator/device instance - Start a remote shell in the target emulator/device instance:
`adb shell` `adb shell`
- Push an Android application to an emulator/device - Push an Android application to an emulator/device:
`adb install -r {{apk.path}}` `adb install -r {{apk.path}}`

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> The Silver Searcher. Like ack, but faster. > The Silver Searcher. Like ack, but faster.
- Find files containing "foo" - Find files containing "foo":
`ag foo` `ag foo`
- Find "foo" in files with a name matching "bar" - Find "foo" in files with a name matching "bar":
`ag foo -G bar` `ag foo -G bar`
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`ag '^ba(r|z)$'` `ag '^ba(r|z)$'`
- Find files with a name matching "foo" - Find files with a name matching "foo":
`ag -g foo` `ag -g foo`

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# alias # alias
> Creates an alias for a word when used > Creates an alias for a word when used.
> as the first word of a command > As the first word of a command.
- creating a generic alias - Creating a generic alias:
`alias {{word}}="{{command}}"` `alias {{word}}="{{command}}"`
- remove an aliased command - Remove an aliased command:
`unalias {{word}}` `unalias {{word}}`
- full list of aliased words - Full list of aliased words:
`alias -p` `alias -p`
- turning rm an interative command - Turning rm an interative command:
`alias {{rm}}="{{rm -i}}"` `alias {{rm}}="{{rm -i}}"`
- overriding la as ls -a - Overriding la as ls -a:
`alias {{la}}="{{ls -a}}"` `alias {{la}}="{{ls -a}}"`

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# apropos # apropos
> Search in manpages > Search in manpages.
> for example to find a new command > For example to find a new command.
- search for keyword - Search for keyword:
`apropos {{regular_expression}}` `apropos {{regular_expression}}`
- search without restricting output to terminal width - Search without restricting output to terminal width:
`apropos -l {{regular_expression}}` `apropos -l {{regular_expression}}`

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# ar # ar
> Create, modify, and extract from archives (.a .so .o) > Create, modify, and extract from archives (.a .so .o).
- Extract all members from an archive - Extract all members from an archive:
`ar -x {{libfoo.a}}` `ar -x {{libfoo.a}}`
- List the members of an archive - List the members of an archive:
`ar -t {{libfoo.a}}` `ar -t {{libfoo.a}}`
- Replace or add files to an archive - Replace or add files to an archive:
`ar -r {{libfoo.a}} {{foo.o}} {{bar.o}} {{baz.o}}` `ar -r {{libfoo.a}} {{foo.o}} {{bar.o}} {{baz.o}}`
- Insert an object file index (equivalent to using `ranlib`) - Insert an object file index (equivalent to using `ranlib`):
`ar -s {{libfoo.a}}` `ar -s {{libfoo.a}}`
- Create an archive with files and an accompanying object file index - Create an archive with files and an accompanying object file index:
`ar -rs {{libfoo.a}} {{foo.o}} {{bar.o}} {{baz.o}}` `ar -rs {{libfoo.a}} {{foo.o}} {{bar.o}} {{baz.o}}`

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# awk # awk
> A versatile programming language for working on files > A versatile programming language for working on files.
- Print the fifth column in a space separated file - Print the fifth column in a space separated file:
`awk '{print $5}' {{filename}}` `awk '{print $5}' {{filename}}`
- Print the third column in a comma separated file - Print the third column in a comma separated file:
`awk -F ',' '{print $3}' {{filename}}` `awk -F ',' '{print $3}' {{filename}}`
- Sum the values in the first column and print the total - Sum the values in the first column and print the total:
`awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}' {{filename}}` `awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}' {{filename}}`
- Sum the values in the first column and pretty-print the values and then the total - Sum the values in the first column and pretty-print the values and then the total:
`awk '{s+=$1; print $1} END {print "--------"; print s}' {{filename}}` `awk '{s+=$1; print $1} END {print "--------"; print s}' {{filename}}`

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# bash # bash
> Bourne-Again SHell > Bourne-Again SHell.
> `sh`-compatible command line interpreter. > `sh`-compatible command line interpreter.
- Start interactive command line interpreter - Start interactive command line interpreter:
`bash` `bash`
- Execute command passed as parameter - Execute command passed as parameter:
`bash -c {{command}}` `bash -c {{command}}`
- Run commands from file (script) - Run commands from file (script):
`bash {{file}}` `bash {{file}}`
- Run commands from file and print them as they are executed - Run commands from file and print them as they are executed:
`bash -x {{file}}` `bash -x {{file}}`

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> Save and jump to commonly used directories using 1 character commands. > Save and jump to commonly used directories using 1 character commands.
- List available bookmarks - List available bookmarks:
`l` `l`
- Save the current folder as "bookmark_name" - Save the current folder as "bookmark_name":
`s {{bookmark_name}}` `s {{bookmark_name}}`
- Go to a bookmarked folder - Go to a bookmarked folder:
`g {{bookmark_name}}` `g {{bookmark_name}}`
- Print a bookmarked folder's contents - Print a bookmarked folder's contents:
`p {{bookmark_name}}` `p {{bookmark_name}}`
- Delete a bookmark - Delete a bookmark:
`d {{bookmark_name}}` `d {{bookmark_name}}`

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> Calculator. > Calculator.
- Run calculator in interactive mode - Run calculator in interactive mode:
`bc -i` `bc -i`
- Calculate the result of an expression - Calculate the result of an expression:
`bc <<< "(1 + 2) * 2 ^ 2"` `bc <<< "(1 + 2) * 2 ^ 2"`
- Calculate with the given precision - Calculate with the given precision:
`bc <<< "scale=10; 5 / 3"` `bc <<< "scale=10; 5 / 3"`
- Calculate expression with sine and cosine using mathlib - Calculate expression with sine and cosine using mathlib:
`bc -l <<< "s(1) + c(1)"` `bc -l <<< "s(1) + c(1)"`

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> Dependency manager for the Ruby programming language. > Dependency manager for the Ruby programming language.
- Installs all gems defined in the gemfile expected in the working directory. - Installs all gems defined in the gemfile expected in the working directory:
`bundle install` `bundle install`
- Update all gems by the rules defined in the gemfile and regenerate gemfile.lock - Update all gems by the rules defined in the gemfile and regenerate gemfile.lock:
`bundle update` `bundle update`
- Update one specific gem defined in the gemfile - Update one specific gem defined in the gemfile:
`bundle update --source {{gemname}}` `bundle update --source {{gemname}}`
- Create a new gem skeleton - Create a new gem skeleton:
`bundle gem {{gemname}}` `bundle gem {{gemname}}`

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# cal # cal
> Prints calendar information > Prints calendar information.
- Display a calendar for the current month or specified month - Display a calendar for the current month or specified month:
`cal` `cal`
`cal -m {{12}}` `cal -m {{12}}`
`cal -m {{Dec}}` `cal -m {{Dec}}`
- Display a calendar for the current year or a specified year - Display a calendar for the current year or a specified year:
`cal -y` `cal -y`
`cal 2013` `cal 2013`
- Display date of Easter (western churches) - Display date of Easter (western churches):
`ncal -e` `ncal -e`
`ncal -e 2013` `ncal -e 2013`

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> Ebooks must be imported into the library using the GUI or calibredb before. > Ebooks must be imported into the library using the GUI or calibredb before.
> Part of the Calibre ebook library. > Part of the Calibre ebook library.
- Start a server to distribute ebooks. Access at http://localhost:8080 - Start a server to distribute ebooks. Access at http://localhost:8080:
`calibre-server` `calibre-server`
- Start server on different port. Access at http://localhost:port - Start server on different port. Access at http://localhost:port:
`calibre-server --port {{port}}` `calibre-server --port {{port}}`
- Password protect the server. - Password protect the server:
`calibre-server --username {{username}} --password {{password}}` `calibre-server --username {{username}} --password {{password}}`

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> Tool to manipulate the your ebook database. > Tool to manipulate the your ebook database.
> Part of the Calibre ebook library. > Part of the Calibre ebook library.
- List ebooks in the library with additional information. - List ebooks in the library with additional information:
`calibredb list` `calibredb list`
- Search for ebooks displaying additional information. - Search for ebooks displaying additional information:
`calibredb list --search {{search-term}}` `calibredb list --search {{search-term}}`
- Search for just ids of ebooks. - Search for just ids of ebooks:
`calibredb search {{search term}}` `calibredb search {{search term}}`
- Add one or more ebooks to the library. - Add one or more ebooks to the library:
`calibredb add {{file1 file2 …}}` `calibredb add {{file1 file2 …}}`
- Remove one or more ebooks from the library. You need ebook-ids (see above) - Remove one or more ebooks from the library. You need ebook-ids (see above):
`calibredb remove {{id1 id2 …}}` `calibredb remove {{id1 id2 …}}`

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> Print and concatenate files. > Print and concatenate files.
- Print the contents of a file to the standard output - Print the contents of a file to the standard output:
`cat {{file}}` `cat {{file}}`
- Concatenate several files into the target file. - Concatenate several files into the target file:
`cat {{file1}} {{file2}} > {{target-file}}` `cat {{file1}} {{file2}} > {{target-file}}`
- Append serveral files into the target file. - Append serveral files into the target file:
`cat {{file1}} {{file2}} >> {{target-file}}` `cat {{file1}} {{file2}} >> {{target-file}}`

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# cd # cd
> Change the current working directory > Change the current working directory.
- Go to the given directory - Go to the given directory:
`cd {{/path/to/directory}}` `cd {{/path/to/directory}}`
- Go to home directory of current user - Go to home directory of current user:
`cd` `cd`
- Go up to the parent of the current directory - Go up to the parent of the current directory:
`cd ..` `cd ..`
- Go to the previously chosen directory - Go to the previously chosen directory:
`cd -` `cd -`

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# chmod # chmod
> Change the access permissions of a file or directory > Change the access permissions of a file or directory.
- Give the (u)ser who owns a file the right to e(x)ecute it - Give the (u)ser who owns a file the right to e(x)ecute it:
`chmod u+x {{file}}` `chmod u+x {{file}}`
- Give the user rights to (r)ead and (w)rite to a file/directory - Give the user rights to (r)ead and (w)rite to a file/directory:
`chmod u+rw {{file}}` `chmod u+rw {{file}}`
- Remove executable rights from the (g)roup - Remove executable rights from the (g)roup:
`chmod g-x {{file}}` `chmod g-x {{file}}`
- Give (a)ll users rights to read and execute - Give (a)ll users rights to read and execute:
`chmod a+rx {{file}}` `chmod a+rx {{file}}`
- Give (o)thers (not in the file owner's group) the same rights as the group - Give (o)thers (not in the file owner's group) the same rights as the group:
`chmod o=g {{file}}` `chmod o=g {{file}}`

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# chown # chown
> Change the owning user/group of the specified files > Change the owning user/group of the specified files.
- change the user of a file - Change the user of a file:
`chown {{user}} {{path/to/file}}` `chown {{user}} {{path/to/file}}`
- change the user and group of a file - Change the user and group of a file:
`chown {{user}}:{{group}} {{path/to/file}}` `chown {{user}}:{{group}} {{path/to/file}}`
- recursively change the owner of an entire folder - Recursively change the owner of an entire folder:
`chown -R {{user}} {{path/to/folder}}` `chown -R {{user}} {{path/to/folder}}`
- change the owner of a symbolic link - Change the owner of a symbolic link:
`chown -h {{user}} {{path/to/symlink}}` `chown -h {{user}} {{path/to/symlink}}`
- use the owner and group of a reference file and apply those values to another file - Use the owner and group of a reference file and apply those values to another file:
`chown --reference={{reference-file}} {{path/to/file}}` `chown --reference={{reference-file}} {{path/to/file}}`

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# chsh # chsh
> Change user's login shell > Change user's login shell.
- change shell - Change shell:
`chsh -s {{path/to/shell_binary}} {{username}}` `chsh -s {{path/to/shell_binary}} {{username}}`

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# cksum # cksum
> Calculates CRC checksums and byte counts of a file > Calculates CRC checksums and byte counts of a file.
> Note, on old UNIX systems the CRC implementation may differ. > Note, on old UNIX systems the CRC implementation may differ.
- Display a 32 bit checksum, size in bytes and filename - Display a 32 bit checksum, size in bytes and filename:
`cksum {{filename}}` `cksum {{filename}}`

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> Compiler for C, C++, and Objective-C source files. Can be used as a drop-in replacement for GCC. > Compiler for C, C++, and Objective-C source files. Can be used as a drop-in replacement for GCC.
- Compile a source code file into an executable binary - Compile a source code file into an executable binary:
`clang {{input_source.c}} -o {{output_executable}}` `clang {{input_source.c}} -o {{output_executable}}`
- Activate output of all errors and warnings - Activate output of all errors and warnings:
`clang {{input_source.c}} -Wall -o {{output_executable}}` `clang {{input_source.c}} -Wall -o {{output_executable}}`
- Include libraries located at a different path than the source file - Include libraries located at a different path than the source file:
`clang {{input_source.c}} -o {{output_executable}} -I{{header_path}} -L{{library_path}} -l{{library_name}}` `clang {{input_source.c}} -o {{output_executable}} -I{{header_path}} -L{{library_path}} -l{{library_name}}`

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> Select or reject lines common to two files. Both files must be sorted. > Select or reject lines common to two files. Both files must be sorted.
- Produce three tab-separated columns: lines only in first file, lines only in second file and common lines. - Produce three tab-separated columns: lines only in first file, lines only in second file and common lines:
`comm {{file1}} {{file2}}` `comm {{file1}} {{file2}}`
- Print only lines common to both files. - Print only lines common to both files:
`comm -12 {{file1}} {{file2}}` `comm -12 {{file1}} {{file2}}`
- Print only lines common to both files, read one file from stdin. - Print only lines common to both files, read one file from stdin:
`cat {{file1}} | comm -12 - {{file2}}` `cat {{file1}} | comm -12 - {{file2}}`
- Print lines only found in first file. - Print lines only found in first file:
`comm -23 {{file1}} {{file2}}` `comm -23 {{file1}} {{file2}}`
- Print lines only found in second file. - Print lines only found in second file:
`comm -13 {{file1}} {{file2}}` `comm -13 {{file1}} {{file2}}`

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# convert # convert
> Imagemagick image conversion tool > Imagemagick image conversion tool.
- Convert an image from JPG to PNG - Convert an image from JPG to PNG:
`convert {{image.jpg}} {{image.png}}` `convert {{image.jpg}} {{image.png}}`
- Scale an image 50% it's original size - Scale an image 50% it's original size:
`convert {{image.png}} -resize 50% {{image2.png}}` `convert {{image.png}} -resize 50% {{image2.png}}`
- Scale an image keeping the original aspect ratio to a maximum dimension of 640x480. - Scale an image keeping the original aspect ratio to a maximum dimension of 640x480:
`convert {{image.png}} -resize 640x480 {{image2.png}}` `convert {{image.png}} -resize 640x480 {{image2.png}}`
- Horizontally append images - Horizontally append images:
`convert {{image1.png}} {{image2.png}} {{image3.png}} +append {{image123.png}}` `convert {{image1.png}} {{image2.png}} {{image3.png}} +append {{image123.png}}`

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# cordova # cordova
> Mobile apps with HTML, CSS & JS > Mobile apps with HTML, CSS & JS.
- Create a cordova project - Create a cordova project:
`cordova create {{path}} {{package.name}} {{project.name}}` `cordova create {{path}} {{package.name}} {{project.name}}`
- Display the current workspace status - Display the current workspace status:
`cordova info` `cordova info`
- Add a cordova platform - Add a cordova platform:
`cordova platform add {{platform}}` `cordova platform add {{platform}}`
- Remove a cordova platform - Remove a cordova platform:
`cordova platform remove {{platform}}` `cordova platform remove {{platform}}`
- Add a cordova plugin - Add a cordova plugin:
`cordova plugin add {{pluginid}}` `cordova plugin add {{pluginid}}`
- Remove a cordova plugin - Remove a cordova plugin:
`cordova plugin remove {{pluginid}}` `cordova plugin remove {{pluginid}}`

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# cowsay # cowsay
> Generate an ASCII character like a cow or sheep saying or thinking something > Generate an ASCII character like a cow or sheep saying or thinking something.
- Print an ASCII cow saying "Hello world!" - Print an ASCII cow saying "Hello world!":
`cowsay "Hello world!"` `cowsay "Hello world!"`
- Print an ASCII dragon saying "Hello!" - Print an ASCII dragon saying "Hello!":
`echo "Hello!" | cowsay -f dragon` `echo "Hello!" | cowsay -f dragon`
- Print a stoned thinking ASCII cow - Print a stoned thinking ASCII cow:
`cowthink -s "I'm just a cow, not a great thinker ..."` `cowthink -s "I'm just a cow, not a great thinker ..."`

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# cp # cp
> Copy files > Copy files.
- Copy files in arbitrary locations - Copy files in arbitrary locations:
`cp {{/path/to/original}} {{/path/to/copy}}` `cp {{/path/to/original}} {{/path/to/copy}}`
- Copy a file to a parent directory - Copy a file to a parent directory:
`cp {{/path/to/original}} ../{{path/to/copy}}` `cp {{/path/to/original}} ../{{path/to/copy}}`
- Copy directories recursive using the option -r - Copy directories recursive using the option -r:
`cp -r {{/path/to/original}} {{/path/to/copy}}` `cp -r {{/path/to/original}} {{/path/to/copy}}`
- Show files as they are copied - Show files as they are copied:
`cp -vr {{/path/to/original}} {{/path/to/copy}}` `cp -vr {{/path/to/original}} {{/path/to/copy}}`
- Make a copy of a file, adding an extension - Make a copy of a file, adding an extension:
`cp {{file.html}}{,.backup}` `cp {{file.html}}{,.backup}`
- Make a copy of a file, changing the extension - Make a copy of a file, changing the extension:
`cp {{file.}}{html,backup}` `cp {{file.}}{html,backup}`

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# curl # curl
> Transfers data from or to a server > Transfers data from or to a server.
> Supports most protocols including HTTP, FTP, POP > Supports most protocols including HTTP, FTP, POP.
- Download a URL to a file - Download a URL to a file:
`curl "{{URL}}" -o {{filename}}` `curl "{{URL}}" -o {{filename}}`
- send form-encoded data - Send form-encoded data:
`curl --data {{name=bob}} {{http://localhost/form}}` `curl --data {{name=bob}} {{http://localhost/form}}`
- send JSON data - Send JSON data:
`curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d {{'{"name":"bob"}'}} {{http://localhost/login}}` `curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d {{'{"name":"bob"}'}} {{http://localhost/login}}`
- specify an HTTP method - Specify an HTTP method:
`curl -X {{DELETE}} {{http://localhost/item/123}}` `curl -X {{DELETE}} {{http://localhost/item/123}}`
- head request - Head request:
`curl --head {{http://localhost}}` `curl --head {{http://localhost}}`
- pass a user name and password for server authentication - Pass a user name and password for server authentication:
`curl -u myusername:mypassword {{http://localhost}}` `curl -u myusername:mypassword {{http://localhost}}`

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# cut # cut
> Cut out fields from STDIN or files > Cut out fields from STDIN or files.
- Cut out the first sixteen characters of each line of STDIN - Cut out the first sixteen characters of each line of STDIN:
`cut -c {{1-16}}` `cut -c {{1-16}}`
- Cut out the first sixteen characters of each line of the given files - Cut out the first sixteen characters of each line of the given files:
`cut -c {{1-16}} {{file}}` `cut -c {{1-16}} {{file}}`
- Cut out everything from the 3rd character to the end of each line - Cut out everything from the 3rd character to the end of each line:
`cut -c{{3-}}` `cut -c{{3-}}`
- Cut out the fifth field, split on the colon character of each line - Cut out the fifth field, split on the colon character of each line:
`cut -d'{{:}}' -f{{5}}` `cut -d'{{:}}' -f{{5}}`
- Cut out the fields five and 10, split on the colon character of each line - Cut out the fields five and 10, split on the colon character of each line:
`cut -d'{{:}}' -f{{5,10}}` `cut -d'{{:}}' -f{{5,10}}`
- Cut out the fields five through 10, split on the colon character of each line - Cut out the fields five through 10, split on the colon character of each line:
`cut -d'{{:}}' -f{{5-10}}` `cut -d'{{:}}' -f{{5-10}}`

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# date # date
> Set or display the system date > Set or display the system date.
- Display the date using the default locale - Display the date using the default locale:
`date +"%c"` `date +"%c"`
- Display the date in UTC and ISO 8601 format - Display the date in UTC and ISO 8601 format:
`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` `date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"`

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# deluser # deluser
> Remove a user account or remove a user from a group > Remove a user account or remove a user from a group.
- Remove a user - Remove a user:
`deluser {{name}}` `deluser {{name}}`
- Remove a user along with their home directory and mail spool - Remove a user along with their home directory and mail spool:
`deluser -r {{name}}` `deluser -r {{name}}`
- Remove a user from a group - Remove a user from a group:
`deluser {{name}} {{group}}` `deluser {{name}} {{group}}`

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# df # df
> gives an overview of the file system disk space usage > Gives an overview of the file system disk space usage.
- display all file systems and their disk usage - Display all file systems and their disk usage:
`df` `df`
- display all file systems and their disk usage in human readable form - Display all file systems and their disk usage in human readable form:
`df -h` `df -h`

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# diff # diff
> Compare files and directories > Compare files and directories.
- Compare files - Compare files:
`diff {{file1}} {{file2}}` `diff {{file1}} {{file2}}`
- Compare files, ignoring white spaces - Compare files, ignoring white spaces:
`diff -w {{file1}} {{file2}}` `diff -w {{file1}} {{file2}}`
- Compare files, showing differences side by side - Compare files, showing differences side by side:
`diff -y {{file1}} {{file2}}` `diff -y {{file1}} {{file2}}`
- Compare directories recursively - Compare directories recursively:
`diff -r {{directory1}} {{directory2}}` `diff -r {{directory1}} {{directory2}}`
- Compare directories, only showing the names of files that differ - Compare directories, only showing the names of files that differ:
`diff -rq {{directory1}} {{directory2}}` `diff -rq {{directory1}} {{directory2}}`

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# dig # dig
> DNS Lookup utility > DNS Lookup utility.
- Lookup the IP(s) associated with a hostname (A records) - Lookup the IP(s) associated with a hostname (A records):
`dig +short {{hostname.com}}` `dig +short {{hostname.com}}`
- Lookup the mail server associated with a given domain name (MX record) - Lookup the mail server associated with a given domain name (MX record):
`dig +short {{hostname.com}} MX` `dig +short {{hostname.com}} MX`
- Specify an alternate DNS server to query (8.8.8.8 is google's public DNS) - Specify an alternate DNS server to query (8.8.8.8 is google's public DNS):
`dig @8.8.8.8 {{hostname.com}}` `dig @8.8.8.8 {{hostname.com}}`

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# docker # docker
> Docker allows you to package an application with all of its > Docker allows you to package an application with all of its.
> dependencies into a standardized unit for software development. > Dependencies into a standardized unit for software development.
- List of running docker containers - List of running docker containers:
`docker ps` `docker ps`
- List all docker containers (running and stopped) - List all docker containers (running and stopped):
`docker ps -a` `docker ps -a`
- Start a container - Start a container:
`docker start {{container}}` `docker start {{container}}`
- Stop a container - Stop a container:
`docker stop {{container}}` `docker stop {{container}}`
- Start a container from an image and get a shell inside of it - Start a container from an image and get a shell inside of it:
`docker run -it {{image}} bash` `docker run -it {{image}} bash`
- Run a command inside of an already running container - Run a command inside of an already running container:
`docker exec {{container}} {{command}}` `docker exec {{container}} {{command}}`

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> A command-line shell and scripting interface for Drupal. > A command-line shell and scripting interface for Drupal.
- Download module "foo" - Download module "foo":
`drush dl {{foo}}` `drush dl {{foo}}`
- Download version 7.x-2.1-beta1 of module "foo" - Download version 7.x-2.1-beta1 of module "foo":
`drush dl {{foo}}-7.x-2.1-beta1` `drush dl {{foo}}-7.x-2.1-beta1`
- Enable module "foo" - Enable module "foo":
`drush en {{foo}}` `drush en {{foo}}`
- Disable module "foo" - Disable module "foo":
`drush dis {{foo}}` `drush dis {{foo}}`
- Clear all caches - Clear all caches:
`drush cc all` `drush cc all`
- Clear CSS and JavaScript caches - Clear CSS and JavaScript caches:
`drush cc css-js` `drush cc css-js`

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> Can be used to convert ebooks between common formats, e.g., pdf, epub and mobi. > Can be used to convert ebooks between common formats, e.g., pdf, epub and mobi.
> Part of the Calibre ebook library tool. > Part of the Calibre ebook library tool.
- Convert an ebook into another format. - Convert an ebook into another format:
`ebook-convert {{source}} {{destination}}` `ebook-convert {{source}} {{destination}}`

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# echo # echo
> Print given arguments > Print given arguments.
- Print a text message. Note: quotes are optional. - Print a text message. Note: quotes are optional:
`echo {{"Hello World"}}` `echo {{"Hello World"}}`
- Print a message with environment variables - Print a message with environment variables:
`echo {{"My path is $PATH"}}` `echo {{"My path is $PATH"}}`

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# electrum # electrum
> Ergonomic Bitcoin wallet and private key management > Ergonomic Bitcoin wallet and private key management.
- Create a new wallet - Create a new wallet:
`electrum -w {{new-wallet.dat}} create` `electrum -w {{new-wallet.dat}} create`
- Restore an existing wallet from seed offline - Restore an existing wallet from seed offline:
`electrum -w {{recovery-wallet.dat}} restore -o` `electrum -w {{recovery-wallet.dat}} restore -o`
- Create a signed transaction offline - Create a signed transaction offline:
`electrum mktx {{recipient}} {{amount}} -f 0.0000001 -F {{from}} -o` `electrum mktx {{recipient}} {{amount}} -f 0.0000001 -F {{from}} -o`
- Display all wallet receiving addresses - Display all wallet receiving addresses:
`electrum listaddresses -a` `electrum listaddresses -a`
- Sign a message - Sign a message:
`electrum signmessage {{address}} {{message}}` `electrum signmessage {{address}} {{message}}`
- Verify a message - Verify a message:
`electrum verifymessage {{address}} {{signature}} {{message}}` `electrum verifymessage {{address}} {{signature}} {{message}}`
- Connect only to a specific electrum-server instance - Connect only to a specific electrum-server instance:
`electrum -p socks5:{{127.0.0.1}}:9050 -s {{56ckl5obj37gypcu.onion}}:50001:t -1` `electrum -p socks5:{{127.0.0.1}}:9050 -s {{56ckl5obj37gypcu.onion}}:50001:t -1`

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# emacs # emacs
> The extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor > The extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor.
- Open emacs in console mode (without X window) - Open emacs in console mode (without X window):
`emacs -nw` `emacs -nw`
- Open a file in emacs - Open a file in emacs:
`emacs {{filename}}` `emacs {{filename}}`
- Exit emacs - Exit emacs:
`C-x C-c` `C-x C-c`

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# enca # enca
> Detect and convert encoding of text files > Detect and convert encoding of text files.
- detect file(s) encoding according to your system's locale - Detect file(s) encoding according to your system's locale:
`enca {{file(s)}}` `enca {{file(s)}}`
- detect file(s) encoding; -L option tells enca the current language; language is in the POSIX/C locale format, e.g. zh_CN, en_US etc. - Detect file(s) encoding; -L option tells enca the current language; language is in the POSIX/C locale format, e.g. zh_CN, en_US etc:
`enca -L {{language}} {{file(s)}}` `enca -L {{language}} {{file(s)}}`
- convert file(s) to specified encoding - Convert file(s) to specified encoding:
`enca -L {{language}} -x {{to_encoding}} {{file(s)}}` `enca -L {{language}} -x {{to_encoding}} {{file(s)}}`
- save original_file as new_file and convert new_file to specified encoding - Save original_file as new_file and convert new_file to specified encoding:
`enca -L {{language}} -x {{to_encoding}} < {{original_file}} > {{new_file}}` `enca -L {{language}} -x {{to_encoding}} < {{original_file}} > {{new_file}}`

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# env # env
> Show the environment or run a program in a modified environment > Show the environment or run a program in a modified environment.
- Show the environment - Show the environment:
`env` `env`
- Clear the environment and run a program - Clear the environment and run a program:
`env -i {{program}}` `env -i {{program}}`
- Remove variable from the environment and run a program - Remove variable from the environment and run a program:
`env -u {{variable}} {{program}}` `env -u {{variable}} {{program}}`
- Set a variable and run a program - Set a variable and run a program:
`env {{variable}}={{value}} {{program}}` `env {{variable}}={{value}} {{program}}`

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# exiftool # exiftool
> Read and write meta information in files > Read and write meta information in files.
- Remove all EXIF metadata from the given files - Remove all EXIF metadata from the given files:
`exiftool -All= {{file}}` `exiftool -All= {{file}}`

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# fdupes # fdupes
> Finds duplicate files in a given > Finds duplicate files in a given.
> set of directories > Set of directories.
- search a single directory - Search a single directory:
`fdupes {{directory}}` `fdupes {{directory}}`
- search multiple directories - Search multiple directories:
`fdupes {{directory1}} {{directory2}}` `fdupes {{directory1}} {{directory2}}`
- search all directories recursively - Search all directories recursively:
`fdupes -r {{directory}}` `fdupes -r {{directory}}`
- search multiple directories, one recursively - Search multiple directories, one recursively:
`fdupes {{directory1}} -R {{directory2}}` `fdupes {{directory1}} -R {{directory2}}`

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# ffmpeg # ffmpeg
> Video conversion tool > Video conversion tool.
- Extract the sound from a video and save it as MP3 - Extract the sound from a video and save it as MP3:
`ffmpeg -i {{video-filename}} -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 192 -f mp3 {{sound.mp3}}` `ffmpeg -i {{video-filename}} -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 192 -f mp3 {{sound.mp3}}`
- Convert frames from a video into individual numbered images - Convert frames from a video into individual numbered images:
`ffmpeg -i {{video-filename}} {{image%d.png}}` `ffmpeg -i {{video-filename}} {{image%d.png}}`
- Combine numbered images (image1.jpg, image2.jpg, etc) into a video - Combine numbered images (image1.jpg, image2.jpg, etc) into a video:
`ffmpeg -f image2 -i {{image%d.jpg}} {{video.mpg}}` `ffmpeg -f image2 -i {{image%d.jpg}} {{video.mpg}}`
- Convert AVI video to MP4. AAC Audio @ 128kbit, Video @ 1250Kbit - Convert AVI video to MP4. AAC Audio @ 128kbit, Video @ 1250Kbit:
`ffmpeg -i {{in.avi}} -acodec libfaac -ab 128k -vcodec mpeg4 -b 1250K {{out.mp4}}` `ffmpeg -i {{in.avi}} -acodec libfaac -ab 128k -vcodec mpeg4 -b 1250K {{out.mp4}}`

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# file # file
> Determine file type > Determine file type.
- Give a description of the type of the specified file. Works fine for files with no file extension. - Give a description of the type of the specified file. Works fine for files with no file extension:
`file {{filename}}` `file {{filename}}`
- Look inside a zipped file and determine the file type(s) inside - Look inside a zipped file and determine the file type(s) inside:
`file -z {{foo.zip}}` `file -z {{foo.zip}}`

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# find # find
> Find files under the given directory tree, recursively > Find files under the given directory tree, recursively.
- find files by extension - Find files by extension:
`find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}}` `find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}}`
- find files matching path pattern - Find files matching path pattern:
`find {{root_path}} -path {{'**/lib/**/*.py'}}` `find {{root_path}} -path {{'**/lib/**/*.py'}}`
- run a command for each file, use {} within the command to access the filename - Run a command for each file, use {} within the command to access the filename:
`find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}} -exec {{wc -l {} }}\;` `find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}} -exec {{wc -l {} }}\;`
- find files modified since a certain time - Find files modified since a certain time:
`find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}} -mtime {{-1d}}` `find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}} -mtime {{-1d}}`
- find files using case insensitive name matching, of a certain size - Find files using case insensitive name matching, of a certain size:
`find {{root_path}} -size +500k -size -10MB -iname {{'*.TaR.gZ'}}` `find {{root_path}} -size +500k -size -10MB -iname {{'*.TaR.gZ'}}`
- delete files by name, older than a certain number of days - Delete files by name, older than a certain number of days:
`find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}} -mtime {{-180d}} -delete` `find {{root_path}} -name {{'*.py'}} -mtime {{-180d}} -delete`

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# fortune # fortune
> Print a random quotation (fortune-cookie style) > Print a random quotation (fortune-cookie style).
- Print a quotation - Print a quotation:
`fortune` `fortune`
- Print a quotation from a given database - Print a quotation from a given database:
`fortune {{database}}` `fortune {{database}}`
- Print a list of quotation databases - Print a list of quotation databases:
`fortune -f` `fortune -f`
- Print an offensive quotation - Print an offensive quotation:
`fortune -o` `fortune -o`
- Print a long quotation - Print a long quotation:
`fortune -l` `fortune -l`
- Print a short quotation - Print a short quotation:
`fortune -s` `fortune -s`

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# fswebcam # fswebcam
> small and simple webcam for *nix > Small and simple webcam for *nix.
- Take a picture - Take a picture:
`fswebcam {{filename}}` `fswebcam {{filename}}`
- Take a picture with custom resolution - Take a picture with custom resolution:
`fswebcam -r {{width}}x{{height}} {{filename}}` `fswebcam -r {{width}}x{{height}} {{filename}}`
- Take a picture from selected device(Default is /dev/vidoe0) - Take a picture from selected device(Default is /dev/vidoe0):
`fswebcam -d {{device}} {{filename}}` `fswebcam -d {{device}} {{filename}}`
- Take a picture with timestamp(timestamp string is formatted by strftime) - Take a picture with timestamp(timestamp string is formatted by strftime):
`fswebcam --timestamp {{timestamp}} {{filename}}` `fswebcam --timestamp {{timestamp}} {{filename}}`

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> Preprocesses and compiles C and C++ source files, then assembles and links them together. > Preprocesses and compiles C and C++ source files, then assembles and links them together.
- Compile multiple source files into executable - Compile multiple source files into executable:
`gcc {{source1.c}} {{source2.c}} -o {{executable}}` `gcc {{source1.c}} {{source2.c}} -o {{executable}}`
- Allow warnings, debug symbols in output - Allow warnings, debug symbols in output:
`gcc {{source.c}} -Wall -Og -o {{executable}}` `gcc {{source.c}} -Wall -Og -o {{executable}}`
- Include libraries from a different path - Include libraries from a different path:
`gcc {{source.c}} -o {{executable}} -I{{header_path}} -L{{library_path}} -l{{library_name}}` `gcc {{source.c}} -o {{executable}} -I{{header_path}} -L{{library_path}} -l{{library_name}}`

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> Interact with the package manager for the Ruby programming language. > Interact with the package manager for the Ruby programming language.
- Install latest version of a gem - Install latest version of a gem:
`gem install {{gemname}}` `gem install {{gemname}}`
- Install specific version of a gem - Install specific version of a gem:
`gem install {{gemname}} -v {{1.0.0}}` `gem install {{gemname}} -v {{1.0.0}}`
- Update a gem - Update a gem:
`gem update {{gemname}}` `gem update {{gemname}}`
- List all gems - List all gems:
`gem list` `gem list`
- Uninstall a gem - Uninstall a gem:
`gem uninstall {{gemname}}` `gem uninstall {{gemname}}`

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# gifsicle # gifsicle
> Create gifs > Create gifs.
- Making a GIF animation with gifsicle - Making a GIF animation with gifsicle:
`gifsicle --delay={{10}} --loop *.gif > {{anim.gif}}` `gifsicle --delay={{10}} --loop *.gif > {{anim.gif}}`
- Extracting frames from an animation - Extracting frames from an animation:
`gifsicle {{anim.gif}} '#0' > {{firstframe.gif}}` `gifsicle {{anim.gif}} '#0' > {{firstframe.gif}}`
- You can also edit animations by replacing, deleting, or inserting frames - You can also edit animations by replacing, deleting, or inserting frames:
`gifsicle -b {{anim.gif}} --replace '#0' {{new.gif}}` `gifsicle -b {{anim.gif}} --replace '#0' {{new.gif}}`

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# git add # git add
> Adds changed files to the index > Adds changed files to the index.
- Add a file to the index - Add a file to the index:
`git add {{PATHSPEC}}` `git add {{PATHSPEC}}`
- Add all files (tracked and untracked) - Add all files (tracked and untracked):
`git add .` `git add .`
- Only add already tracked files - Only add already tracked files:
`git add -u` `git add -u`
- Also add ignored files - Also add ignored files:
`git add -f` `git add -f`

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# git blame # git blame
> Show commit hash and last author on each line of a file > Show commit hash and last author on each line of a file.
- Print file with author name and commit hash on each line - Print file with author name and commit hash on each line:
`git blame {{file}}` `git blame {{file}}`
- Print file with author email and commit hash on each line - Print file with author email and commit hash on each line:
`git blame -e {{file}}` `git blame -e {{file}}`

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# git branch # git branch
> Main command for working with branches > Main command for working with branches.
- List local branches. The current branch is highlighted by `*`. - List local branches. The current branch is highlighted by `*`:
`git branch` `git branch`
- List all local and remote branches - List all local and remote branches:
`git branch -a` `git branch -a`
- Create new branch based on current branch - Create new branch based on current branch:
`git branch {{BRANCH-NAME}}` `git branch {{BRANCH-NAME}}`
- Delete a local branch - Delete a local branch:
`git branch -d {{BRANCH-NAME}}` `git branch -d {{BRANCH-NAME}}`
- Move/Rename a branch - Move/Rename a branch:
`git branch -m` `git branch -m`

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# git checkout # git checkout
> Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree > Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree.
- Switch to another branch - Switch to another branch:
`git checkout {{BRANCH-NAME}}` `git checkout {{BRANCH-NAME}}`
- Create and switch to a new branch - Create and switch to a new branch:
`git checkout -b {{BRANCH-NAME}}` `git checkout -b {{BRANCH-NAME}}`
- Undo unstaged local modification - Undo unstaged local modification:
`git checkout .` `git checkout .`

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# git clone # git clone
> Clone an existing repository > Clone an existing repository.
- Clone an existing repository - Clone an existing repository:
`git clone {{REMOTE-REPOSITORY-LOCATION}}` `git clone {{REMOTE-REPOSITORY-LOCATION}}`
- For cloning from the local machine - For cloning from the local machine:
`git clone -l` `git clone -l`
- Do it quietly - Do it quietly:
`git clone -q` `git clone -q`
- Clone an existing repository, and truncate to the specified number of revisions, save your time mostly - Clone an existing repository, and truncate to the specified number of revisions, save your time mostly:
`git clone --depth 10 {{REMOTE-REPOSITORY-LOCATION}}` `git clone --depth 10 {{REMOTE-REPOSITORY-LOCATION}}`

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# git commit # git commit
>Commit staged files to the repository > Commit staged files to the repository.
- Commit staged files to the repository with comment - Commit staged files to the repository with comment:
`git commit -m {{MESSAGE}}` `git commit -m {{MESSAGE}}`
- Replace the last commit with currently staged changes - Replace the last commit with currently staged changes:
`git commit --amend` `git commit --amend`

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# git config # git config
> Get and set repository or global options > Get and set repository or global options.
- Print list of options for current repository - Print list of options for current repository:
`git config --list --local` `git config --list --local`
- Print global list of options, set in ~/.gitconfig - Print global list of options, set in ~/.gitconfig:
`git config --list --global` `git config --list --global`
- Get full list of options - Get full list of options:
`git config --list` `git config --list`
- Get value of alias.ls option - Get value of alias.ls option:
`git config alias.st` `git config alias.st`
- Set option alias.ls=status in file ~/.gitconfig - Set option alias.ls=status in file ~/.gitconfig:
`git config --global alias.ls "status"` `git config --global alias.ls "status"`
- Remove option alias.st from ~/.gitconfig - Remove option alias.st from ~/.gitconfig:
`git config --global --unset alias.st` `git config --global --unset alias.st`

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# git diff # git diff
> Show changes to tracked files > Show changes to tracked files.
- Show changes to tracked files - Show changes to tracked files:
`git diff {{PATHSPEC}}` `git diff {{PATHSPEC}}`
- Show only names of changed files. - Show only names of changed files:
`git diff --name-only {{PATHSPEC}}` `git diff --name-only {{PATHSPEC}}`
- Output a condensed summary of extended header information. - Output a condensed summary of extended header information:
`git diff --summary {{PATHSPEC}}` `git diff --summary {{PATHSPEC}}`
- Show staged (added, but not yet committed) changes only. - Show staged (added, but not yet committed) changes only:
`git diff --staged` `git diff --staged`

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# git init # git init
> Initializes a new local Git repository > Initializes a new local Git repository.
- Initialize a new local repository - Initialize a new local repository:
`git init` `git init`
- Initialize a barebones repository - Initialize a barebones repository:
`git init --bare` `git init --bare`

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# git log # git log
>Show a history of commits > Show a history of commits.
- Show a history of commits - Show a history of commits:
`git log` `git log`
- Show the history of a particular file or directory, including differences - Show the history of a particular file or directory, including differences:
`git log -p {{path}}` `git log -p {{path}}`
- Show only the first line of each commits - Show only the first line of each commits:
`git log --oneline` `git log --oneline`

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# git merge # git merge
> Merge branches > Merge branches.
- Merge a branch with your current branch - Merge a branch with your current branch:
`git merge {{BRANCH-NAME}}` `git merge {{BRANCH-NAME}}`
- Edit the merge message - Edit the merge message:
`git merge -e {{BRANCH-NAME}}` `git merge -e {{BRANCH-NAME}}`

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> Move or rename files and update the git index. > Move or rename files and update the git index.
- Move file inside the repo and add the movement to the next commit - Move file inside the repo and add the movement to the next commit:
`git mv {{path/to/file}} {{new/path/to/file}}` `git mv {{path/to/file}} {{new/path/to/file}}`
- Rename file and add renaming to the next commit - Rename file and add renaming to the next commit:
`git mv {{filename}} {{new_filename}}` `git mv {{filename}} {{new_filename}}`
- Overwrite the file in the target path if it exists - Overwrite the file in the target path if it exists:
`git mv --force {{file}} {{target}}` `git mv --force {{file}} {{target}}`

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# git pull # git pull
> Fetch branch from a remote repository and merge it to local repository > Fetch branch from a remote repository and merge it to local repository.
- Download changes from default remote repository and merge it - Download changes from default remote repository and merge it:
`git pull` `git pull`
- Download changes from default remote repository and use fast forward - Download changes from default remote repository and use fast forward:
`git pull --rebase` `git pull --rebase`
- Download changes from given remote repository and branch, then merge them into HEAD - Download changes from given remote repository and branch, then merge them into HEAD:
`git pull {{remote_name}} {{branch}}` `git pull {{remote_name}} {{branch}}`

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# git push # git push
> Push commits to a remote repository > Push commits to a remote repository.
- Publish local changes on a remote branch - Publish local changes on a remote branch:
`git push {{REMOTE-NAME}} {{LOCAL-BRANCH}}` `git push {{REMOTE-NAME}} {{LOCAL-BRANCH}}`
- Publish local changes on a remote branch of different name - Publish local changes on a remote branch of different name:
`git push {{REMOTE-NAME}} {{LOCAL-BRANCH}}:{{REMOTE-BRANCH}}` `git push {{REMOTE-NAME}} {{LOCAL-BRANCH}}:{{REMOTE-BRANCH}}`
- Remove remote branch - Remove remote branch:
`git push {{REMOTE-NAME}} :{{REMOTE-BRANCH}}` `git push {{REMOTE-NAME}} :{{REMOTE-BRANCH}}`
- Remove remote branches which don't exist locally - Remove remote branches which don't exist locally:
`git push --prune {{REMOTE-NAME}}` `git push --prune {{REMOTE-NAME}}`
- Publish tags - Publish tags:
`git push --tags` `git push --tags`

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# git remote # git remote
> Manage set of tracked repositories (“remotes”) > Manage set of tracked repositories (“remotes”).
- Show a list of existing remotes, their names and URL - Show a list of existing remotes, their names and URL:
`git remote -v` `git remote -v`
- Add a remote - Add a remote:
`git remote add {{remote_name}} {{remote_url}}` `git remote add {{remote_name}} {{remote_url}}`
- Change the URL of a remote - Change the URL of a remote:
`git remote set-url {{remote_name}} {{new_url}}` `git remote set-url {{remote_name}} {{new_url}}`
- Remove a remote - Remove a remote:
`git remote remove {{remote_name}}` `git remote remove {{remote_name}}`
- Rename a remote - Rename a remote:
`git remote rename {{old_name}} {{new_name}}` `git remote rename {{old_name}} {{new_name}}`

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# git rm # git rm
> Remove files from repository index and local filesystem > Remove files from repository index and local filesystem.
- Remove file from repository index and filesystem - Remove file from repository index and filesystem:
`git rm {{file}}` `git rm {{file}}`
- Remove directory - Remove directory:
`git rm -r {{directory}}` `git rm -r {{directory}}`
- Remove file from repository index but keep it untouched locally - Remove file from repository index but keep it untouched locally:
`git rm --cached {{file}}` `git rm --cached {{file}}`

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# git stash # git stash
> Stash local Git changes in a temporary area > Stash local Git changes in a temporary area.
- stash current changes (except new files) - Stash current changes (except new files):
`git stash save {{optional_stash_name}}` `git stash save {{optional_stash_name}}`
- include new files in the stash (leaves the index completely clean) - Include new files in the stash (leaves the index completely clean):
`git stash save -u {{optional_stash_name}}` `git stash save -u {{optional_stash_name}}`
- list all stashes - List all stashes:
`git stash list` `git stash list`
- re-apply the latest stash - Re-apply the latest stash:
`git stash pop` `git stash pop`
- re-apply a stash by name - Re-apply a stash by name:
`git stash apply {{stash_name}}` `git stash apply {{stash_name}}`
- drop a stash by an index - Drop a stash by an index:
`git stash drop stash@{index}` `git stash drop stash@{index}`

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# git status # git status
> Show the index (changed files) > Show the index (changed files).
- Show changed files which are not yet added for commit - Show changed files which are not yet added for commit:
`git status` `git status`
- Give output in short format - Give output in short format:
`git status -s` `git status -s`

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# git svn # git svn
> Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git > Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git.
- clone an SVN repository - Clone an SVN repository:
`git svn clone {{http://example.com/my_subversion_repo}} {{local_dir}}` `git svn clone {{http://example.com/my_subversion_repo}} {{local_dir}}`
- update local clone from the upstream SVN repository - Update local clone from the upstream SVN repository:
`git svn rebase` `git svn rebase`
- commit back to SVN repository - Commit back to SVN repository:
`git svn dcommit` `git svn dcommit`

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> Create, list, delete or verify tags. > Create, list, delete or verify tags.
> Tag is reference to specific commit. > Tag is reference to specific commit.
- List all tags - List all tags:
`git tag` `git tag`
- Create a tag with the given name pointing to the current commit - Create a tag with the given name pointing to the current commit:
`git tag {{tag_name}}` `git tag {{tag_name}}`
- Create a tag with the given message - Create a tag with the given message:
`git tag {{tag_name}} -m {{tag_message}}` `git tag {{tag_name}} -m {{tag_message}}`
- Delete the tag with the given name - Delete the tag with the given name:
`git tag -d {{tag_name}}` `git tag -d {{tag_name}}`

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# git # git
> Main command for all git commands > Main command for all git commands.
- Check the Git version - Check the Git version:
`git --version` `git --version`
- Call general help - Call general help:
`git --help` `git --help`
- Call help on a command - Call help on a command:
`git help {{COMMAND}}` `git help {{COMMAND}}`
- Execute Git command - Execute Git command:
`git {{COMMAND}}` `git {{COMMAND}}`

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# gpg # gpg
> Gnu Privacy Guard > Gnu Privacy Guard.
- sign doc.txt without encryption (writes output to doc.txt.asc) - Sign doc.txt without encryption (writes output to doc.txt.asc):
`gpg --clearsign {{doc.txt}}` `gpg --clearsign {{doc.txt}}`
- encrypt doc.txt for alice@example.com (output to doc.txt.gpg) - Encrypt doc.txt for alice@example.com (output to doc.txt.gpg):
`gpg --encrypt --recipient {{alice@example.com}} {{doc.txt}}` `gpg --encrypt --recipient {{alice@example.com}} {{doc.txt}}`
- encrypt doc.txt with only a passphrase (output to doc.txt.gpg) - Encrypt doc.txt with only a passphrase (output to doc.txt.gpg):
`gpg --symmetric {{doc.txt}}` `gpg --symmetric {{doc.txt}}`
- decrypt doc.txt.gpg (output to STDOUT) - Decrypt doc.txt.gpg (output to STDOUT):
`gpg --decrypt {{doc.txt.gpg}}` `gpg --decrypt {{doc.txt.gpg}}`
- Import a public key - Import a public key:
`gpg --import {{public.gpg}}` `gpg --import {{public.gpg}}`

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# Gradle # Gradle
> Gradle is the official build system for Android Studio > Gradle is the official build system for Android Studio.
- Compile a package - Compile a package:
`gradle build` `gradle build`
- Clear the build folder - Clear the build folder:
`gradle clean` `gradle clean`
- Compile and Release package - Compile and Release package:
`gradle assembleRelease` `gradle assembleRelease`

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# grep # grep
> Matches patterns in input text > Matches patterns in input text.
> Supports simple patterns and regular expressions > Supports simple patterns and regular expressions.
- search for an exact string - Search for an exact string:
`grep {{something}} {{file_path}}` `grep {{something}} {{file_path}}`
- search recursively in current directory for an exact string - Search recursively in current directory for an exact string:
`grep -r {{something}} .` `grep -r {{something}} .`
- use a regex - Use a regex:
`grep -e {{^regex$}} {{file_path}}` `grep -e {{^regex$}} {{file_path}}`
- see 3 lines of context - See 3 lines of context:
`grep -C 3 {{something}} {{file_path}}` `grep -C 3 {{something}} {{file_path}}`
- print the count of matches instead of the matching text - Print the count of matches instead of the matching text:
`grep -c {{something}} {{file_path}}` `grep -c {{something}} {{file_path}}`
- print line number for each match - Print line number for each match:
`grep -n {{something}} {{file_path}}` `grep -n {{something}} {{file_path}}`
- use the standard input instead of a file - Use the standard input instead of a file:
`cat {{file_path}} | grep {{something}}` `cat {{file_path}} | grep {{something}}`
- invert match for excluding specific strings - Invert match for excluding specific strings:
`grep -v {{something}}` `grep -v {{something}}`

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# gzip # gzip
> Compress/uncompress files with gzip compression (LZ77) > Compress/uncompress files with gzip compression (LZ77).
- compress a file, replacing it with a gzipped compressed version - Compress a file, replacing it with a gzipped compressed version:
`gzip {{file.ext}}` `gzip {{file.ext}}`
- decompress a file, replacing it with the original uncompressed version - Decompress a file, replacing it with the original uncompressed version:
`gzip -d {{file.ext.gz}}` `gzip -d {{file.ext.gz}}`
- compress a file specifying the output filename - Compress a file specifying the output filename:
`gzip -c {{file.ext}} > compressed-file.ext.gz` `gzip -c {{file.ext}} > compressed-file.ext.gz`
- uncompress a gzipped file specifying the output filename - Uncompress a gzipped file specifying the output filename:
`gzip -c -d {{file.ext.gz}} > uncompressed-file.ext` `gzip -c -d {{file.ext.gz}} > uncompressed-file.ext`
- specify the compression level. 1=Fastest (Worst), 9=Slowest (Best), Default level is 6 - Specify the compression level. 1=Fastest (Worst), 9=Slowest (Best), Default level is 6:
`gzip -9 -c {{file.ext}} > compressed-file.ext.gz` `gzip -9 -c {{file.ext}} > compressed-file.ext.gz`

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# HandBrakeCLI # HandBrakeCLI
> Video conversion tool > Video conversion tool.
- Convert a video file to MKV (AAC 160kbit audio and x264 CRF20 video) - Convert a video file to MKV (AAC 160kbit audio and x264 CRF20 video):
`HandBrakeCLI -i {{input.avi}} -o {{output.mkv}} -e x264 -q 20 -B 160` `HandBrakeCLI -i {{input.avi}} -o {{output.mkv}} -e x264 -q 20 -B 160`
- Resize a video file to 320x240 - Resize a video file to 320x240:
`HandBrakeCLI -i {{input.mp4}} -o {{output.mp4} -w 320 -l 240` `HandBrakeCLI -i {{input.mp4}} -o {{output.mp4} -w 320 -l 240`
- List available presets - List available presets:
`HandBrakeCLI --preset-list` `HandBrakeCLI --preset-list`
- Convert an AVI video to MP4 using the Android preset - Convert an AVI video to MP4 using the Android preset:
`HandBrakeCLI --preset="Android" -i {{input.ext}} -o {{output.mp4}}` `HandBrakeCLI --preset="Android" -i {{input.ext}} -o {{output.mp4}}`

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# haxelib # haxelib
> Haxe Library Manager > Haxe Library Manager.
- Search for a Haxe library - Search for a Haxe library:
`haxelib search {{keyword}}` `haxelib search {{keyword}}`
- Install a Haxe library - Install a Haxe library:
`haxelib install {{libname}}` `haxelib install {{libname}}`
- Upgrade all installed Haxe libraries - Upgrade all installed Haxe libraries:
`haxelib upgrade` `haxelib upgrade`
- Install the development version of a library from a Git repository - Install the development version of a library from a Git repository:
`haxelib git {{libname}} {{GIT-URL}}` `haxelib git {{libname}} {{GIT-URL}}`

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> Command Line history. > Command Line history.
- Display the commands history list with line numbers - Display the commands history list with line numbers:
`history` `history`
- Clear the commands history list (only for `bash`) - Clear the commands history list (only for `bash`):
`history -c` `history -c`

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# host # host
> Lookup Domain Name Server > Lookup Domain Name Server.
- Lookup A, AAAA, and MX records of a domain - Lookup A, AAAA, and MX records of a domain:
`host {{domain}}` `host {{domain}}`
- Lookup a field (CNAME, TXT,...) of a domain - Lookup a field (CNAME, TXT,...) of a domain:
`host -t {{field}} {{domain}}` `host -t {{field}} {{domain}}`
- Reverse lookup an IP - Reverse lookup an IP:
`host {{ip_address}}` `host {{ip_address}}`

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# iconv # iconv
> Converts text from one encoding to another > Converts text from one encoding to another.
- convert file and print to stdout - Convert file and print to stdout:
`iconv -f {{from_encoding}} -t {{to_encoding}} {{input_file}}` `iconv -f {{from_encoding}} -t {{to_encoding}} {{input_file}}`
- convert file to current locale - Convert file to current locale:
`iconv -f {{from_encoding}} {{input_file}} > {{output_file}}` `iconv -f {{from_encoding}} {{input_file}} > {{output_file}}`
- list supported encodings - List supported encodings:
`iconv -l` `iconv -l`

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# ifconfig # ifconfig
> ifconfig - Interface Configurator, used to configure network interfaces. > Ifconfig - Interface Configurator, used to configure network interfaces.
- View network settings of an ethernet adapter. - View network settings of an ethernet adapter:
`ifconfig eth0` `ifconfig eth0`
- Display details of all interfaces, including disabled interfaces. - Display details of all interfaces, including disabled interfaces:
`ifconfig -a` `ifconfig -a`
- Disable eth0 interface. - Disable eth0 interface:
`ifconfig eth0 down` `ifconfig eth0 down`
- Enable eth0 interface. - Enable eth0 interface:
`ifconfig eth0 up` `ifconfig eth0 up`
- Assign IP address to eth0 interface. - Assign IP address to eth0 interface:
`ifconfig eth0 {{ip_address}}` `ifconfig eth0 {{ip_address}}`

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> Scheduling classes: 1 (realtime), 2 (best-effort), 3 (idle). > Scheduling classes: 1 (realtime), 2 (best-effort), 3 (idle).
> Priority levels: 0 (the highest) - 7 (the lowest). > Priority levels: 0 (the highest) - 7 (the lowest).
- Set I/O scheduling class of a running process - Set I/O scheduling class of a running process:
`ionice -c {{scheduling_class}} -p {{pid}}` `ionice -c {{scheduling_class}} -p {{pid}}`
- Run a command with custom I/O scheduling class and priority - Run a command with custom I/O scheduling class and priority:
`ionice -c {{scheduling_class}} -n {{priority}} {{command}}` `ionice -c {{scheduling_class}} -n {{priority}} {{command}}`
- Print the I/O scheduling class and priority of a running process - Print the I/O scheduling class and priority of a running process:
`ionice -p {{pid}}` `ionice -p {{pid}}`

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# ioping # ioping
> monitor I/O latency in real time > Monitor I/O latency in real time.
- Show disk I/O latency using the default values and the current directory - Show disk I/O latency using the default values and the current directory:
`ioping .` `ioping .`
- Measure latency on /tmp using 10 requests of 1 megabyte each. - Measure latency on /tmp using 10 requests of 1 megabyte each:
`ioping -c 10 -s 1M /tmp` `ioping -c 10 -s 1M /tmp`
- Measure disk seek rate on /dev/sda. - Measure disk seek rate on /dev/sda:
`ioping -R /dev/sda` `ioping -R /dev/sda`
- Measure disk sequential speed on /dev/sda. - Measure disk sequential speed on /dev/sda:
`ioping -RL /dev/sda` `ioping -RL /dev/sda`

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# ipcs # ipcs
> Display information about ressources used in IPC (Inter-process Communication) > Display information about ressources used in IPC (Inter-process Communication).
- Specific information about the Message Queue which has the id 32768 - Specific information about the Message Queue which has the id 32768:
`ipcs -qi 32768` `ipcs -qi 32768`
- General information about all the IPC - General information about all the IPC:
`ipcs -a` `ipcs -a`

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> Java Application Launcher. > Java Application Launcher.
- Execute a java .class file that contains a main method by using just the class name. - Execute a java .class file that contains a main method by using just the class name:
`java {{filename}}` `java {{filename}}`
- Execute a .jar program. - Execute a .jar program:
`java -jar {{filename.jar}}` `java -jar {{filename.jar}}`
- Display JDK, JRE and HotSpot versions. - Display JDK, JRE and HotSpot versions:
`java -version` `java -version`

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> Java Application Compiler. > Java Application Compiler.
- Compile a .java file. - Compile a .java file:
`javac {{filename.java}}` `javac {{filename.java}}`

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# kill # kill
> Sends a signal to a process > Sends a signal to a process.
> Mostly used for stopping processes > Mostly used for stopping processes.
- kill the process - Kill the process:
`kill {{process_id}}` `kill {{process_id}}`
- list signal names - List signal names:
`kill -l` `kill -l`

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# last # last
> View the last logged in users > View the last logged in users.
- view last logins, their duration and other information as read from /var/log/wtmp - View last logins, their duration and other information as read from /var/log/wtmp:
`last` `last`
- specify how many of the last logins to show - Specify how many of the last logins to show:
`last -n {{login_count}}` `last -n {{login_count}}`
- view full login times and dates - View full login times and dates:
`last -F` `last -F`
- view the last login by a specific user - View the last login by a specific user:
`last {{user_name}}` `last {{user_name}}`
- view the last reboot (last login of the pseudo user reboot) - View the last reboot (last login of the pseudo user reboot):
`last reboot` `last reboot`
- view the last shutdown (last login of the pseudo user shutdown) - View the last shutdown (last login of the pseudo user shutdown):
`last shutdown` `last shutdown`

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# less # less
> Opens a file for reading > Opens a file for reading.
> Allows movement and search > Allows movement and search.
> Doesn't read the entire file (suitable for logs) > Doesn't read the entire file (suitable for logs).
- open a file - Open a file:
`less {{source_file}}` `less {{source_file}}`
- page up / down - Page up / down:
`d (next), D (previous)` `d (next), D (previous)`
- go to start / end of file - Go to start / end of file:
`g (start), G (end)` `g (start), G (end)`
- search for a string - Search for a string:
`/{{something}} then n (next), N (previous)` `/{{something}} then n (next), N (previous)`
- exit - Exit:
`q` `q`

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# ln # ln
> Creates links to files and folders > Creates links to files and folders.
- create a symbolic link to a file or folder - Create a symbolic link to a file or folder:
`ln -s {{path/to/original/file}} {{path/to/link}}` `ln -s {{path/to/original/file}} {{path/to/link}}`
- overwrite a symbolic link to a file - Overwrite a symbolic link to a file:
`ln -sf {{path/to/new/original/file}} {{path/to/file/link}}` `ln -sf {{path/to/new/original/file}} {{path/to/file/link}}`
- create a hard link to a file - Create a hard link to a file:
`ln {{path/to/original/file}} {{path/to/link}}` `ln {{path/to/original/file}} {{path/to/link}}`

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# lp # lp
> print files. > Print files.
- Print the output of a command to the default printer (see `lpstat` command). - Print the output of a command to the default printer (see `lpstat` command):
`echo "test" | lp` `echo "test" | lp`
- Print a file to the default printer. - Print a file to the default printer:
`lp {{path/to/filename}}` `lp {{path/to/filename}}`
- Print a file to a named printer (see `lpstat` command). - Print a file to a named printer (see `lpstat` command):
`lp -d {{printer_name}} {{path/to/filename}}` `lp -d {{printer_name}} {{path/to/filename}}`
- Print N copies of file to default printer (replace N with desired number of copies). - Print N copies of file to default printer (replace N with desired number of copies):
`lp -n {{N}} {{path/to/filename}}` `lp -n {{N}} {{path/to/filename}}`
- Print only certain pages to the default printer (print pages 1, 3-5, and 16). - Print only certain pages to the default printer (print pages 1, 3-5, and 16):
`lp -P 1,3-5,16 {{path/to/filename}}` `lp -P 1,3-5,16 {{path/to/filename}}`

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# lpstat # lpstat
> show status information about printers > Show status information about printers.
- List printers present on the machine and whether they are enabled for printing. - List printers present on the machine and whether they are enabled for printing:
`lpstat -p` `lpstat -p`
- Show the default printer. - Show the default printer:
`lpstat -d` `lpstat -d`
- Display all available status information. - Display all available status information:
`lpstat -t` `lpstat -t`
- Show a list of print jobs queued by the specified user. - Show a list of print jobs queued by the specified user:
`lpstat -u {{user}}` `lpstat -u {{user}}`

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# ls # ls
> List directory contents > List directory contents.
- List all files, even hidden - List all files, even hidden:
`ls -a` `ls -a`
- List all file names (no extra info) - List all file names (no extra info):
`ls -A1` `ls -A1`
- List all files with their rights, groups, owner - List all files with their rights, groups, owner:
`ls -l` `ls -l`
- List all files and display the file size in a human readable format - List all files and display the file size in a human readable format:
`ls -lh` `ls -lh`
- List all files with a prefix/suffix - List all files with a prefix/suffix:
`ls {{prefix}}*` `ls {{prefix}}*`
`ls *{{suffix}}` `ls *{{suffix}}`
- Sort the results by size, last modified date, or creation date - Sort the results by size, last modified date, or creation date:
`ls -S` `ls -S`
`ls -t` `ls -t`
`ls -U` `ls -U`
- Reverse the order of the results - Reverse the order of the results:
`ls -r` `ls -r`

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# lsof # lsof
> Lists open files and the corresponding processes > Lists open files and the corresponding processes.
- find the processes that have a given file open - Find the processes that have a given file open:
`lsof {{/path/to/file}}` `lsof {{/path/to/file}}`
- find the process that opened a local internet port - Find the process that opened a local internet port:
`lsof -i :{{8080}}` `lsof -i :{{8080}}`
- only output the process PID (e.g. to pipe into kill) - Only output the process PID (e.g. to pipe into kill):
`lsof -t {{/path/to/file}} | xargs kill -9` `lsof -t {{/path/to/file}} | xargs kill -9`

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> Send and receive mail. > Send and receive mail.
- To send mail, the content is typed after the command and ended with Control-D - To send mail, the content is typed after the command and ended with Control-D:
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}` `mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail with short content. - Send mail with short content:
`echo "{{content}}" | mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}` `echo "{{content}}" | mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail with content which written in a file. - Send mail with content which written in a file:
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}} < {{content.txt}}` `mailx -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}} < {{content.txt}}`
- Send mail to a recipient and CC to another address. - Send mail to a recipient and CC to another address:
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" -c {{cc_addr}} {{to_addr}}` `mailx -s "{{subject}}" -c {{cc_addr}} {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail and set sender address. - Send mail and set sender address:
`mailx -s "{{subject}}" -r {{from_addr}} {{to_addr}}` `mailx -s "{{subject}}" -r {{from_addr}} {{to_addr}}`
- Send mail with an attachment. - Send mail with an attachment:
`mailx -a {{file}} -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}` `mailx -a {{file}} -s "{{subject}}" {{to_addr}}`

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> Task runner for rules described in Makefile. > Task runner for rules described in Makefile.
> Mostly used to control the compilation of an executable from source code. > Mostly used to control the compilation of an executable from source code.
- Call the all rule - Call the all rule:
`make` `make`
- Call a specific rule - Call a specific rule:
`make {{rule}}` `make {{rule}}`
- Use specific Makefile - Use specific Makefile:
`make -f {{file}}` `make -f {{file}}`
- Execute make from another directory - Execute make from another directory:
`make -C {{directory}}` `make -C {{directory}}`

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# man # man
> Format and display manual pages > Format and display manual pages.
- Display man page for a command - Display man page for a command:
`man {{command}}` `man {{command}}`
- Display path searched for manpages - Display path searched for manpages:
`man --path` `man --path`
- Display location of a manpage rather than the manpage itself - Display location of a manpage rather than the manpage itself:
`man -w {{command}}` `man -w {{command}}`
- Do a keyword search for manpages containing a search string - Do a keyword search for manpages containing a search string:
`man -k {{keyword}}` `man -k {{keyword}}`

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