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lsof

Lists open files and the corresponding processes. Note: Root privileges (or sudo) is required to list files opened by others.

Find the processes that have a given file open:

lsof {{path/to/file}}

Find the process that opened a local internet port:

lsof -i :{{port}}

Only output the process ID (PID):

lsof -t {{path/to/file}}

List files opened by the given user:

lsof -u {{username}}

List files opened by the given command or process:

lsof -c {{process_or_command_name}}

List files opened by a specific process, given its PID:

lsof -p {{PID}}

List open files in a directory:

lsof +D {{path/to/directory}}

Find the process that is listening on a local TCP port:

lsof -iTCP:{{port}} -sTCP:LISTEN