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dd

Convert and copy a file. More information: https://manned.org/man/dd.1p.

Make a bootable USB drive from an isohybrid file (such as archlinux-xxx.iso):

dd if={{path/to/file.iso}} of=/dev/{{usb_drive}}

Clone a drive to another drive with 4 MiB block size and flush writes before the command terminates:

dd bs={{4194304}} conv={{fsync}} if=/dev/{{source_drive}} of=/dev/{{dest_drive}}

Generate a file with a specific number of random bytes by using kernel random driver:

dd bs={{100}} count={{1}} if=/dev/urandom of={{path/to/random_file}}

Benchmark the sequential write performance of a disk:

dd bs={{1024}} count={{1000000}} if=/dev/zero of={{path/to/file_1GB}}

Create a system backup and save it into an IMG file (can be restored later by swapping if and of):

dd if={{/dev/drive_device}} of={{path/to/file.img}}